19 replies to this topic

[the L]

Well,


Im realy bad physicist.  I do know realy basic principles but often hit at wall called advanced physics and quantnum mechanics.
I often found guy called Sepulcrave quite useful. On his posts I often dont have nothing to add or to ask because he is way of my league. I hope others will come by and help me and others with their cute analogies because somehow its best way I can learn. Math formulas are just details. As Einstein told: "I want to know all Gods thoughts; all the rest are just details."

Thoughts is what are important. Conclusions. What experiments and formula tell us about universe. Anyway reason why I started this thread is improve my knowledge of physics. Atleast in parts that I found interesting. Since I dont like normal stuff I will go to wierd one. Quantum mechanics.

Since Im real fan of Einstein I will quote him agian: "God doesnt play dice." well I think he was wrong. God/Cosmos/Brahna/Spinoza god does play dice.
Its called universe of probabilities.

So I would start with my questions. You are free to ask any and give answer to any given question.
My question is in nutshell-What we know anyway?

1.Stars in galaxies are holding by dark matter to not jump out of galaxies. What is dark matter? How is it form? Is this some secret connection trough universe.  Theory of everything doesnt describe it. So does dark matter debunks theory of everything? same with Neutrino.

2.How and why on Sun Hydrogen will fuse into Hellium without reaching needed temperature? Answer is Quantnum then why doesnt happened on Earth?
Why on earth Hydrogen fuse into Helium purly by chance.

3.I heard that mathmatician are calculated that dots in side of square has same number of dots as square itself. How is this possible?

4. By pointing our telescope at starless sky, far away universe we actualy look in past. Universe when stars were not yet. There with microwaves we can detect Big Bang lights. Which souround known universe. Isnt that itself edge of universe? Time end and edge? Im mean whats behind Cosmic background radiation? Nothing right?

5. We are now seeing the world as 3D and 1time dimension. Althoug string theory works with 9 dimensions. I dont know from where they get number 9?
Randomly?  What about theories about 3D and 2 time dimensions. Now this realy interests me. What would that tell us if true? Time travel? Parallel universe? Double time now thats crazy.

6. This is for all real physicists-Just curious. Do you belive that space is deterministic? Do you belive that just dont know enough data and their interreactions and that behind quantnum mechanics lies "normal physics". Quantnum tells us that cat is 50% dead or alive. But I will back to cat later as you could imagine.

7.What Einstein Time rotation tells us? I can grasp it. Can we disort time?

8. Again Einstein.Einsteins E=mc2 is not complete. So does it mean its wrong?

9. How come that tides doesnt break earth crust?

10. Now this is awesome. I heard that flat stones are made because of gravity. Because they cant roll and become round. Because they are heavy.
How come when I notice many small flat stones that can fit in my hand? They could role.

11.How come that we have one universe and two physics theory. Where is border? Can tell from now own Newton means nothing? I got partly answer on this.

12.Do we have any proof that dark energy force galaxy to accelerate? or is it just suggestions?

13. Why magnetic field of earth shifts? What other things have magnetic fields? I heard that heart in humans have magnetic field? How come that neutrino isnt affected by it?

14. How photon of light have two ways to become couple and one that dont. What kind of thing is it? any analogy?

15. Why is Neutrino so mysterious?Cherenkov radiation, no partners, not affected by Magnetic force...

16. Schrödingers Cat- Simply who look on us as we look on cat?

17.What was before Big Bang? Im mean there was time before time. Thats unthinkable.

18.Is any mysteries in second law of thermodynamics?

[the L]

I think I ask them all. If I remember more I will ask it. Thanks in advance.

[Hilander]

When I think of the big bang theory I have to wonder where the stuff came from to make such a bang.

[the L]

Hilander, on 09 November 2012 - 12:20 AM, said:

When I think of the big bang theory I have to wonder where the stuff came from to make such a bang.

That too. Then we are symetrycal being, we have symetrical laws of physics. We  notice symetry. We would at mili second notice cube in jungle. Yet universe is asymetrical. There was more matter then antimatter. Thats why is something then nothing.

[Simbi Laveau]

Physics is my only really weak subject . In school I passed by the skin of my teeth .
I actually went to my chemistry teacher for study advice ,and she said ,Physics is the one true science ,and it governs all worldly actions.
I passed with a C .Only C I ever got in my life .

[Liquid Gardens]

Hilander, on 09 November 2012 - 12:20 AM, said:

When I think of the big bang theory I have to wonder where the stuff came from to make such a bang.

Great question.  I always wonder too about what there was 'before' the Big Bang.  If time is interlinked with space (don't ask me to explain it, I can recite some of the physics rules and consequences but can't comprehend or visualize it well), that I think means that time was also created at the Big Bang.  So how do you get a cause for the Big Bang before there is even time, doesn't a cause and an effect require time?

[StarMountainKid]

the L said:

3.I heard that mathmatician are calculated that dots in side of square has same number of dots as square itself. How is this possible?

I think what you're referring to is that information content depends on area, not on volume. The maximum amount of information in a region of space is proportional to the area of that region, not its volume. For instance, the information content inside a black hole is encoded on the area of the black hole's event horizon.

[Einsteinium]

1.Stars in galaxies are holding by dark matter to not jump out of galaxies. What is dark matter? How is it form? Is this some secret connection trough universe.  Theory of everything doesnt describe it. So does dark matter debunks theory of everything? same with Neutrino.
Dark matter is still very much a mystery. We do not really know exactly what it is yet or how it forms.

2.How and why on Sun Hydrogen will fuse into Hellium without reaching needed temperature? Answer is Quantnum then why doesnt happened on Earth?
Why on earth Hydrogen fuse into Helium purly by chance.
Inside the sun where hydrogen is turned into helium through the process of nuclear fusion temperature is not the only factor, the immense pressure inside the sun also is extremely important for fusion to occur. Fusion does not occur naturally on Earth because 1. The temperature is much, much less than on the sun, and 2. the pressure is also much much less. Therefore the conditions are not right for nuclear fusion to occur.

3.I heard that mathmatician are calculated that dots in side of square has same number of dots as square itself. How is this possible?
Can you explain this one more? I am not sure I understand exactly what you mean.

4. By pointing our telescope at starless sky, far away universe we actualy look in past. Universe when stars were not yet. There with microwaves we can detect Big Bang lights. Which souround known universe. Isnt that itself edge of universe? Time end and edge? Im mean whats behind Cosmic background radiation? Nothing right?
Good question. What is south of the south pole?

5. We are now seeing the world as 3D and 1time dimension. Althoug string theory works with 9 dimensions. I dont know from where they get number 9?
Randomly?  What about theories about 3D and 2 time dimensions. Now this realy interests me. What would that tell us if true? Time travel? Parallel universe? Double time now thats crazy.
From my limited understanding of string theory the number 9 (or 11 take your pick) comes from the math. The equations used to describe string theory are only valid in a 9 dimensional (or 11) universe. There is no experimental evidence that shows this is true, it comes from the maths.

6. This is for all real physicists-Just curious. Do you belive that space is deterministic? Do you belive that just dont know enough data and their interreactions and that behind quantnum mechanics lies "normal physics". Quantnum tells us that cat is 50% dead or alive. But I will back to cat later as you could imagine.
Another really good question. I think in the coming decades we will have more information to try and answer this question with. Right now based on the information we have I would say that no the universe at quantum scales is not deterministic, it is probabilistic.

7.What Einstein Time rotation tells us? I can grasp it. Can we disort time?
Not sure exactly what you mean here either. Time rotation? are you referring to relativity or?

8. Again Einstein.Einsteins E=mc2 is not complete. So does it mean its wrong?
What do you mean it is not complete? Please explain further.

9. How come that tides doesnt break earth crust?
Tides? Like the tidal force exerted by the moon on the earth? simply not enough force to break the earths crust. It flexes the crust and pulls on it, but not enough force to break it.

10. Now this is awesome. I heard that flat stones are made because of gravity. Because they cant roll and become round. Because they are heavy.
How come when I notice many small flat stones that can fit in my hand? They could role.
Flat stones? Not sure what you mean here. Very small flat stones would not have been made flat by gravity, they would have been made flat by the forces of wind and water erosion over time. Large flat stones are indeed flat because of gravity. For instance for basalt stones that are formed from magma, the magma is influenced by gravity and flattened as it cools, in space, magma would form a sphere and cool to form a sphere.

11.How come that we have one universe and two physics theory. Where is border? Can tell from now own Newton means nothing? I got partly answer on this.
Good question. Answer this question and you may just win a Nobel

12.Do we have any proof that dark energy force galaxy to accelerate? or is it just suggestions?
We do have proof. In fact last years Nobel prize in physics went to three scientists who proved that the accelerated expansion of the universe is indeed real. Here is a link about it http://news.national...energy-science/

13. Why magnetic field of earth shifts? What other things have magnetic fields? I heard that heart in humans have magnetic field? How come that neutrino isnt affected by it?
The magnetic field of the Earth is most likely caused by the movement of liquid Iron in the core. Computer models show that the field shifts due to shifting movements in the flow of this liquid iron (most likely). Every atom has a small magnetic field, magnetism is caused by the spin of the electron in an atom (permanent magnets) or the flow of electrons as in an electromagnet. When enough electrons line up to have the same spin direction then the magnetic field becomes stronger. Neutrino's are not effected by magnetism because they have no charge. Just as a neutron would not be affected by magnetism because it has no charge.

14. How photon of light have two ways to become couple and one that dont. What kind of thing is it? any analogy?
Can you explain this further? What do you mean become couple?

15. Why is Neutrino so mysterious?Cherenkov radiation, no partners, not affected by Magnetic force...
Neutrino's are interesting particles. Hopefully someone with more knowledge on the subject of Neutrino's can answer this one. I am curious as well.

16. Schrödingers Cat- Simply who look on us as we look on cat?
Not sure what you are looking for here?

17.What was before Big Bang? Im mean there was time before time. Thats unthinkable.
Nobody knows, it is one of the greatest mysteries.

18.Is any mysteries in second law of thermodynamics?
Like what kind of mysteries?

[pallidin]

Those have always been good questions.
I, for one have only speculation and no answers to any of them.

Hopefully as the techniques of science continue to increase, we'll get closer to answers.

[the L]

Hello Einsteinium and welcome to the UM.

I wish I could explain more that dots in side of square has same number of dots as square itself. I read it before in two articles.
About 7 yes I was thinking how time is relativ.
About 8. E=mc2 doesnt work with things without mass such as light.
About flat stones-No wind would made them round not flat. So I dont understand how small flat stones are formed.
About 12.So we have proof. Then from where came this dark energy force? What kind of force is it?
14. I heard that when photon pass trough another photon , new photon start travel same way as first one and start "shining." That have 66%chance to do it.
16. Who decide that you post on UM. Because chances were 50%. Either you post or not. Same with cat. We cause cat to either die or live by observing cat. So who observe you when you decide to wrote on UM?
Ignore 18 for now.

Cheers.

[sepulchrave]

I generally agree with everything Einsteinium has said. And to expound further on some points...

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

1.Stars in galaxies are holding by dark matter to not jump out of galaxies. What is dark matter? How is it form? Is this some secret connection trough universe.  Theory of everything doesnt describe it. So does dark matter debunks theory of everything? same with Neutrino.

Not really. The gravitational attraction of the galactic core is sufficient to hold a galaxy together. BUT, from OUR perspective it looks like the stars at the edges of galaxies are rotating around the galactic cores too fast. So there are a few possibilities (probaby more than  just the ones I list here, too):

• The stars aren't actually moving that fast, it is simple some ``trick of the light'' that we haven't realized yet. If we could observe the same galaxy from a billion lightyears away (i.e. a different perspective) we might see something different.
  
• Our quasi-Newtonian approach to calculating what the velocity of the stars ``should'' be is too simplistic, we need to use a more comprehensive mass-energy tensor in Einstein's equations.
  
• Einstein's choice for the tensor describing the curvature of space is incorrect, one should use a different curvature term (perhaps the Weyl tensor).
  
• There is some extra mass in the galactic halo that we cannot observe with our telescopes.

The first possibility is kind of pointless to consider. Since we can't travel millions of light years to get a different perspective (yet, anyway), and since we can see anything ``special'' about our position in the Universe, we have to assume that someone observing the same distant galaxy from, say, Andromeda, would see the same thing we do.

The second and third possibilities are very technical and very difficult to figure out.

The fourth is very simple to state, and sounds more exciting than the other two. Rest assured, all possibilities are being studied; but most people who are not physicists or mathematicians don't even know what a tensor is, let alone the subtle differences between a conformal and a non-conformal curvature tensor.

The problem with galactic rotation was discovered years ago, and since then there have been several other interesting things that suggest dark matter is real (like the famous Bullet cluster).

Dark matter doesn't ``break'' the theory of everything (and I assume by that you mean the Standard Model). We have been trying (but so far with no success) to directly observe a dark matter particle. Presumably these particles have different properties than most common particles we have experience with, but this is no a problem.

The Standard Model can easily be extended to include extra particles, and it is unlikely that dark matter will possess any new forces that we have not already studied.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

2.How and why on Sun Hydrogen will fuse into Hellium without reaching needed temperature? Answer is Quantnum then why doesnt happened on Earth?
Why on earth Hydrogen fuse into Helium purly by chance.

The Sun has the right temperature and pressure to fuse hydrogen, as Einsteinium said.

You can fuse hydrogen into helium on Earth quite easily. What we can't do (yet, anyway) is due hydrogen and get energy out of the process (right now we have to put energy in to the process).

There are many attempts to get fusion power generation to work, but it is clear we will need a containment system capable of withstanding very high temperatures and pressures, and right now we haven't figured out how to do that.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

3.I heard that mathmatician are calculated that dots in side of square has same number of dots as square itself. How is this possible?

I think you are paraphrasing a statement that regards the continuum hypothesis.

I would suggest watching the ``Minute Physics'' video on infinity if you haven't already.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

5. We are now seeing the world as 3D and 1time dimension. Althoug string theory works with 9 dimensions. I dont know from where they get number 9?
Randomly?  What about theories about 3D and 2 time dimensions. Now this realy interests me. What would that tell us if true? Time travel? Parallel universe? Double time now thats crazy.

They got the number of dimensions by increasing the degrees of freedom in the system so they could resolve all singularities and other ``unappetizing'' things.

It has to do with conformal field theory, if you are really interested.

It is straightforward (but very complicated) to study worlds with N space-like dimensions and M time-like dimensions. Einstein's equations are actually very arbitrary; you can ``plug in'' whatever type of dimensions you want.

There is a very good chart (and discussion) of the different possibilities on wikipedia (as usual!).
Basically with too many dimensions (time or space) things like causality and closed trajectories break down, and it is probably impossible for anything other than a chaotic quantum soup of particles to form.

Remember that the ``extra dimensions'' in string theory are either compact or inaccessible to use (see the wiki) to avoid the above problem.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

6. This is for all real physicists-Just curious. Do you belive that space is deterministic? Do you belive that just dont know enough data and their interreactions and that behind quantnum mechanics lies "normal physics". Quantnum tells us that cat is 50% dead or alive. But I will back to cat later as you could imagine.

I believe that the universe is not deterministic. I believe that wave function collapse is ``real''.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

7.What Einstein Time rotation tells us? I can grasp it. Can we disort time?

Yes, by travelling close to the speed of light. (HOWEVER note that this ``distorts time'' in the same sense that looking at an object from a different angle ``distorts space''. Really you are just changing your perspective, not fundamentally altering the Universe.)

Again, watch the Minute Physics youtube video on special relativity if you haven't already. (If you like physics, I would recommend watching as many of them as you can!)

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

8. Again Einstein.Einsteins E=mc2 is not complete. So does it mean its wrong?

Well E = mc² is incomplete, but every physicist knows that (including Einstein). the complete form is E² = m²c⁴+p²c² for momentum p, mass m, and speed of light c. (Einstein knew this as well.) This is not as ``catchy'' as E = mc² so it is often paraphrased as such. But anyone who actually uses Relativity to calculating things knows, and uses, the full equation.

Now we also know that the theory of General Relativity does not account for everything (it only really accounts for large-scale gravity), but it is still ``correct'' in a certain regime. General Relativity accurately predicts the motion of planets, comets, apples, rockets, satellites, cannon balls, etc. (And, if you assume dark matter is real, it accurately predicts the motion of stars, and if you assume dark energy is real, it accurately predicts the motion of galaxies.)

Hopefully we will someday come to a theory that ``goes beyond'' General Relativity. BUT this new theory will still be equivalent to General Relativity when dealing on the length, time, and mass scales that General Relativity is currently used for (just like General Relativity is equivalent to Newtonian Mechanics for objects that are moving slowly and have small masses).

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

11.How come that we have one universe and two physics theory. Where is border? Can tell from now own Newton means nothing? I got partly answer on this.

I assume you are talking about the bridge from the microscopic quantum world to the macroscopic Newtonian world, not about the gap between General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory.

Every macroscopic object can be explained by Quantum Field Theory. There is no ``border''. However macroscopic objects are usually made of 10<sup>18</sup> or more particles, and are usually at relatively large temperatures (i.e. not close to absolute zero), so quantum effects don't really matter much. There is an approximate ``road map'' of what physics theory to use on Wikipedia, and there is also a discussion of this very topic as well to be found here.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

12.Do we have any proof that dark energy force galaxy to accelerate? or is it just suggestions?

Like Einsteinium said, we know the expansion of the Universe is accelerating (although that is dependent on the assumption that our position in the universe is not privileged).

We assume this is due to an otherwise unknown entity that we call ``dark energy'', rather than some error in the formulation of General Relativity.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

14. How photon of light have two ways to become couple and one that dont. What kind of thing is it? any analogy?

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

15. Why is Neutrino so mysterious?Cherenkov radiation, no partners, not affected by Magnetic force…

Every charged particle travelling faster than the speed of light in a medium exhibits Cherenkov radiation. This is why spent nuclear fuel glows blue in a cooling pond - the fuel is releasing electrons that are travelling faster than the speed of light in water (the speed of light in water is about 75% of the actual speed of light).

Neutrinos do not have an electric charge, so they do not produce Cherenkov radiation. This is also why they are not affected by magnetism, and why they can travel through matter freely unless they hit the nucleus of an atom (since they are incredibly tiny, it is very rare for this to happen).

The fascination with neutrinos is therefore related to the fact that they are so hard to detect. Since neutrinos don't interact with matter very much (you have about a trillion neutrinos passing through your body every second), and are usually made in nuclear reactions (like those in the hearts of stars) they are potentially very useful for astronomy. But of course since they are so hard to detect, they are very difficult to use.

Neutrinos are also interesting because they almost always seem to have the same helicity, and that they may be their own antiparticle.

If neutrinos have a reasonable rest mass, they might also make up an appreciable fraction of dark matter.

But since it is so hard to detect neutrinos with any kind of regularity, it is difficult to answer these questions.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

16. Schrödingers Cat- Simply who look on us as we look on cat?

Schrodinger's Cat was a thought experiment that Erwin Schrodinger came up with to illustrate problems with the Copenhagen Intepretation of Quantum Mechanics.

Schrodinger meant to show that certain aspects of the Copenhagen Intepretation were ridiculous: the idea that a cat could be both alive and dead until someone looks in the box is stupid.

Unfortunately too many people misunderstood Schrodinger, and thought that he was actually suggesting that the cat could be both alive and dead.

So then another physicist, Wigner, extended the argument with the Wigner's friend thought experiment; here Wigner's friend looks in the box, but Wigner doesn't know what he saw… does that mean that Wigner's friend has seen a cat that is both alive and dead until Wigner asks him? Again, no, that is stupid.

The crucial aspect of quantum entanglement that most people overlook is that ``observation'' does not mean a ``conscious observer sees it''. ``Observation'' is the same as ``interaction''.

Entanglement breaks as soon as the entangled object interacts with something else.

A pair of electrons can be spin parallel or antiparallel at the same time, as long as nothing else interferes with them.

The cat in the box is not alive and dead at the same time.

the L, on 09 November 2012 - 12:12 AM, said:

18.Is any mysteries in second law of thermodynamics?

Not really.

[the L]

I hope more physicist will join us.

Edit: Just when I wrote this I noticed Sepul short respond. I must go reading now with my google open and prepare myself for research.

Edited by the L, 10 November 2012 - 08:30 PM.

[the L]

Sepulchrave,

I seen all vids in that youtube channel and two more which I found to be "most popluar" physicists channel.
From channel you link , and from which I raised many question , most what impressed me is Pink colour and How to break speed of light in own backyard.
But some I found stupid. As that some infinities are larger then others because they are not. I can provide more info.

To continue -1.What do you say about Milgrom idea?
3-That video doesnt explain it how is that possible. Its only explined that we could live in one dimension so curved that we could see it as 3D unless its prooven othervise. But how is possible to have same dots in two stated objects is ...mysterious. Isnt?
5-So its called ultrahyperbolic dimension. Its just wrote is unpredictable not unstable. We would live in realy chaotic universe right?
6-Can you give analogy for wave function collapse so even I could understand it? I found it interesting so next time I spoke to some smart physicist and when he tells me that world is determinized I could atlast tell him what I allways felt in my heart but not been able to express it. And now I even have evidnece for such.
7.Do you believe we will be ever able to time travel? And when I ask you that, same with teleport? ...In fact to continue...do you believe that man will be able to effect with his mind EM field one day same as is able to effect his body with mind. There are many interesting abilities that people describe. And some we tested. Yoga improves health. We can feel when someone stare at us even we dont see him, people can be like magnets...to nam few I could do it for hour.
11. Then why Jupiter doesnt blink and appear here then there? And why then electrons doesnt orbit around nucleous?


Do you believe in multiverse?

[the L]

Is there any argument against Big bounces theory? Maybe universe is breading.

What do you think is best mystery in physics? Or few.

Edited by the L, 10 November 2012 - 09:21 PM.

[the L]

This is more like history. Name me yours top physicits in the history based on their contribution to science.