Sakari, on 23 January 2013 - 02:11 AM, said:
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and a little child shall lead them.
Isaiah 11:6
Thanks for providing that.
I think animals are different from human beings in some very obvious ways. First, each species is different in its form and its behavior patterns and its environmental niche. These are scientific things that are not really pertinent to the question here but need to be remembered.
Do humans have God-given dominance over the animals? I think we have
de-facto dominance, but the idea that we got this from God is a myth. We have just assumed (usurped?) it. With this dominance comes a huge responsibility that we seem often to try to avoid.
Do animals have souls? Since I think the idea of a soul is an illusion, I would of course say no they do not, any more than we have souls. What we identify as a soul is not a thing but a process -- like a wave on the water is a process (albeit a much simpler one). That sensate animals would have a similar process going on seems reasonable, and reinforced by just watching them. So, if that process somehow survives the death of the brain, it should to so likewise with animals.
Are humans spiritually or morally different? This seems undeniable; we do not hold a dog responsible for its vicious attack on a rabbit, even if its done not out of hunger but just because of its instincts and the pleasure responses these instincts create. Similar behavior by a person who has come to understand that it is wrong is held morally condemnable. We too have such instincts, but we also have a moral compass.
Another way humans differ is in their ability to communicate with language at a level far exceeding the communication animals can achieve. Still, in spite of this, our languages are inadequate to remove the isolation each of us has from everyone else. We cannot share thoughts and emotions in any but the crudest ways.
One final difference, although there are no doubt many more: we have art and compassion and humor and religion and altruism, things that seem to appear here and there in limited ways in animals but for the most part seems limited to humans.
In short, I doubt that there is a qualitative difference between human and animal minds, but there are vast quantitative differences.