10148 replies to this topic

[Abramelin]

Carl203, on 06 January 2013 - 06:18 PM, said:

http://www.ajnr.org/.../24/6/1142.full

This is an x-ray of King Tut. Child of Akhenaten. Fat, rounded, elongated skull. NOT flat and manipulated as with wrappings or boards.

It doesn't look anyway near to the elongated Peruvian skulls discussed here.

[zoser]

Abramelin, on 06 January 2013 - 06:31 PM, said:

It doesn't look anyway near to the elongated Peruvian skulls discussed here.

No it doesn't.  Still an enigma though.  I would have expected to see elongation on earlier specimens say from the Old Kingdom.   I haven't researched Egyptian skulls in any great detail really.  Except this:

One of the most important finds within the land of Egypt occurred when Egyptologist and archaeologist Professor Walter B. Emery (1903-1971) was excavating tombs at the necropolis of Saqqara, one of the oldest cities in the land. Professor Emery discovered the remains of men with blond hair and fair complexions.

These individuals were revered by the Egyptians as a gifted elite. Vittorio Di Cesare and Adriano Forgione write about Emery's enigmatic discoveries in their articleMalta: Skulls of the Mother Goddess:

...the famous Egyptologist, author of "Archaic Egypt"...discovered the remains of individuals who lived in the pre-dynastic epoch. These presented a dolichocephalous skull, larger than that of the local ethnic group, fair hair and a taller, heavier build. Emery declared that this stock wasn't indigenous to Egypt but had performed an important sacerdotal and governmental role in this country.

This race kept its distance from the common people, blending only with the aristocratic classes and the scholar associated them with the Shemsu Hor, the "disciples of Horus"...The Shemsu Hor are recognized as the dominant sacerdotal caste in pre-dynastic Egypt (until approximately 3000 B.C.), being mentioned in the Turin papyrus and the list of the kings of Abydos.

Professor Emery wrote of his finds in Archaic Egypt: Culture and Civilization in Egypt Five Thousand Years Ago:

Towards the end of the IV millennium B.C. the people known as the Disciples of Horus appear as a highly dominant aristocracy that governed entire Egypt. The theory of the existence of this race is supported by the discovery in the pre-dynastic tombs, in the northern part of Higher Egypt, of the anatomical remains of individuals with bigger skulls and builds than the native population, with so much difference to exclude any hypothetical common racial strain. The fusion of the two races must have come about in ages that concurred, more or less, with the unification of the two Egyptian Kingdoms...The racial origin of these invaders is not known and the route they took in their penetration of Egypt is equally obscure.

http://www.irishorig...erpts/ch10.html

Edited by zoser, 06 January 2013 - 06:51 PM.

[zoser]

Just found this Abe:


What is Vitrification?

Also referred to as crystallisation or re-crystallisation, this is a method used to achieve a high gloss finish. This procedure is usually used as the final polishing process or for regular maintenance in high traffic areas that require a constant shine such as a hotel reception. It is thought by some people that this is a relatively new method of shining stone however it has in fact been used for around 30 years since its invention in Barcelona.

The method works by creating a chemical reaction on the surface of the stone with the use of steel wool and specially formulated chemical compounds. This is only achievable on stone containing calcium carbonate and so most limestone, marble and travertine can be vitrified where as granite cannot.

How does it work?

Most manufacturers of vitrification products will use three main ingredients:

An acid
Fluorosilicate compounds
Waxes

Now it may sound strange to use acid in a product which is used on calcite stone because as we know, acid etches these types of stone. In this case however the acid is used to break down the bond between the calcium and the carbonate. This allows the fluorosilicate to bond with the calcium to produce calcium fluorosilicate. This process has chemically altered the surface of the stone producing a harder finish.

http://www.ethosmarb...ification.shtml

[Abramelin]

That is what I already said: vitrification can also be the result of a chemical process called crystallisation.

What's left out in the article is that granite contains small amounts of CaO (1,8%) and that reacts well with oxalic acid.

.

Edited by Abramelin, 06 January 2013 - 07:39 PM.

[zoser]

Abramelin, on 06 January 2013 - 07:37 PM, said:

That is what I already said: vitrification can also be the result of a chemical process called crystallisation.

What's left out in the article is that granite contains small amounts of CaO (1,8%) and that reacts well with oxalic acid.

.

They are stating though that it cannot be done with granite.  Most of the Peru relics are andesite, akin to granite.

[Abramelin]

zoser, on 06 January 2013 - 07:44 PM, said:

They are stating though that it cannot be done with granite.  Most of the Peru relics are andesite, akin to granite.

From the article:

"The method works by creating a chemical reaction on the surface of the stone with the use of steel wool and specially formulated chemical compounds. This is only achievable on stone containing calcium carbonate and so most limestone, marble and travertine can be vitrified where as granite cannot."

Then they are wrong: I showed you the chemical reaction between oxalic acid and CaO.

It may take a more stronger acid, but it can be done.

[zoser]

Abramelin, on 06 January 2013 - 07:53 PM, said:

From the article:

"The method works by creating a chemical reaction on the surface of the stone with the use of steel wool and specially formulated chemical compounds. This is only achievable on stone containing calcium carbonate and so most limestone, marble and travertine can be vitrified where as granite cannot."

Then they are wrong: I showed you the chemical reaction between oxalic acid and CaO.

It may take a more stronger acid, but it can be done.

How much Cao is there in andesite; do we know?

Edited by zoser, 06 January 2013 - 08:10 PM.

[Oniomancer]

Abramelin, on 06 January 2013 - 05:52 PM, said:

I once visited Machu Picchu (1991) and as a souvenir I took a little granite (??) stone (of a bit more than an inch long) from the site.

Lately I have been thinking of putting it in my microwave oven just to see the result, but maybe that's not a good idea.
.

Rocks start to melt at around 1100 degrees, depending on the mineral content.

One thing you have to be careful with is microwaves mainly cook by exiting water molecules. If there's any water in the rock, it could potentially explode.

Wow, you really can find anything on youtube:



If you want some andesite to play with without ruining your souvenir, you're not that far away from some:

http://www.mindat.org/loc-14808.html

[zoser]

Oniomancer, on 06 January 2013 - 08:10 PM, said:

Rocks start to melt at around 1100 degrees, depending on the mineral content.

One thing you have to be careful with is microwaves mainly cook by exiting water molecules. If there's any water in the rock, it could potentially explode.

Wow, you really can find anything on youtube:



If you want some andesite to play with without ruining your souvenir, you're not that far away from some:

If Abe doesn't report back tomorrow we may gather that something didn't go to plan.

[Abramelin]

zoser, on 06 January 2013 - 08:10 PM, said:

How much Cao is there in andesite; do we know?

5.2%

http://crustal.usgs....s/andesite2.pdf

[Oniomancer]

zoser, on 06 January 2013 - 07:01 PM, said:

Just found this Abe:


What is Vitrification?

Also referred to as crystallisation or re-crystallisation, this is a method used to achieve a high gloss finish. This procedure is usually used as the final polishing process or for regular maintenance in high traffic areas that require a constant shine such as a hotel reception. It is thought by some people that this is a relatively new method of shining stone however it has in fact been used for around 30 years since its invention in Barcelona.

The method works by creating a chemical reaction on the surface of the stone with the use of steel wool and specially formulated chemical compounds. This is only achievable on stone containing calcium carbonate and so most limestone, marble and travertine can be vitrified where as granite cannot.

How does it work?

Most manufacturers of vitrification products will use three main ingredients:

An acid
Fluorosilicate compounds
Waxes

Now it may sound strange to use acid in a product which is used on calcite stone because as we know, acid etches these types of stone. In this case however the acid is used to break down the bond between the calcium and the carbonate. This allows the fluorosilicate to bond with the calcium to produce calcium fluorosilicate. This process has chemically altered the surface of the stone producing a harder finish.

http://www.ethosmarb...ification.shtml

Nice. Very similar to what I already told you about the Bielby layer, and they're adding silicates, like in the sample. And all at room temperature.

Only thing is they've got their terminology a bit off. In true vitrification, you're actually destroying the crystal structure, leaving a glass, which is amorphous, IE non-crystalline. (vitreous=glassy)

[Abramelin]

zoser, on 06 January 2013 - 08:25 PM, said:

If Abe doesn't report back tomorrow we may gather that something didn't go to plan.

Heh, I am not going to Southern Germany to get me some adesite, lol.

[zoser]

Abramelin, on 06 January 2013 - 08:27 PM, said:

5.2%

http://crustal.usgs....s/andesite2.pdf

#

How can a reaction with an acid on a block of stone be that effective with only such a small amount of material to react on?

[zoser]

Oniomancer, on 06 January 2013 - 08:27 PM, said:

Nice. Very similar to what I already told you about the Bielby layer, and they're adding silicates, like in the sample. And all at room temperature.

Only thing is they've got their terminology a bit off. In true vitrification, you're actually destroying the crystal structure, leaving a glass, which is amorphous, IE non-crystalline. (vitreous=glassy)

OK but the point they are making is that granite does not vitrify.  Most of the Peruvian relics are similar to granite (high quartz).

[Colonel Rhuairidh]

Are we now trying to say that they may have microwaved the rocks?! Heavens, what will they think of next.