There is also a Christian "substitution" heresy. The canonical synoptic Gospels all report that an otherwise unknown man, Simon of Cyrene (eastern Libya today), was compelled to carry Jesus' cross by the Romans, because Jesus, who had been severely flogged, was unable to do so. (
John disagrees, and specifically says that Jesus carried his own cross, 19: 17).
Irenaeus (
Against Heresies I, 24, 4) reports that Basilides of Alexandria, a leading Second Century Gnostic Christian, taught that this Simon was transfigured to resemble Jesus, and that it was Simon, not Jesus, who was crucified.
http://www.newadvent...ers/0103124.htm
A similar story appears in the Gnostic
Second Treatise of the Great Seth, a book found at Nag Hammadi, although the text is unclear about who ended up being crucified.
http://www.gnosis.or...hamm/2seth.html
It is a curiosity that in the earliest Gospel,
Mark, the modren canonical text does not name Jesus from the appearance of Simon at 15: 21 until the final agony of Jesus at 15: 34. In between, all that happens, happens to "he" or "him."
Ancient Alexandria was a hotbed of early Christian doctrinal struggle, where even the non-Gnostics weren't always all that orthodox, and Alexandria is especially associated with a variety of
Marks. It is interesting to think, then, that Basilides might have come to his opinion by reading a
Mark where Jesus' name doesn't appear again after Simon takes up his cross. Reasonable enough, in that case, for him to understand the Gospel as saying that Jesus wasn't killed.
And why might Simon go along with that without protest?
Mark 8: 34-35
He (Jesus) summoned the crowd with his disciples and said to them, "Whoever wishes to come after me must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me..For whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake and that of the gospel will save it."
Edited by eight bits, 26 June 2012 - 08:36 PM.