cormac mac airt, on 06 January 2013 - 03:35 AM, said:
cormac
To add, I think the most salient point in your post is the modifier Christian Hell. The Hell as we've come to understand it does appear to have reached its fullest form as an eternal place of torment for sinners in the Christian tradition. The original Hebrew concept of the afterlife was much less defined. "Sheol" was a place where all deceased were meant to go, which was similar in nature to the afterlives of Mesopotamians and Greeks and others. Even the Egyptians, as elaborate and sophisticated as their afterlife concepts were, did not envision an eternal hell, at least for mortals. Their greatest fear was the destruction of the soul followed by eternal nonexistence.
Of all ancient Near Eastern traditions, the religion that possessed something akin to the Christian Hell was Zoroastrianism. I've always held that this religion of Persia had profound effects on the developments of later Judaism and, by extension, Christianity.
One thing that's important to consider is that the Bibles many of us Christians have read are not direct translations from ancient Hebrew or Aramaic but from Greek. Christianity's original language was mainly Greek. It was in Alexandria that Ptolemy is supposed to have commissioned a full Greek translation of the Old Testament, and this translation came down to us as the Septuagint. The New Testament appended to the Old Testament in early Christian traditions was originally also written in Greek. It was the scholars of the Septuagint who struggled with translating Hebrew into Greek, and some notable idiosyncrasies resulted in the translation process. A properly trained biblical scholar can point out those instances in which the Greek translations wandered away from the original Hebrew version of the Old Testament. It's actually kind of interesting.
I did some quick etymological reviews of the word "hell" and what I saw is that it came into English from a Germanic origin (e.g., Hölle). The ultimate origin appears to be an Indo-European root meaning "to cover, to hide."
I'm in a wordy mood tonight so perhaps I ought to shut up now.













