Harappan Civilization (because first city which was discovered was Harappa) or Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization from 3300 to 1700 BC (when most ofcities were abandoned) but we know that some sites can be pushed to ( Bhirrana ) 7380 BC and that some sites were populated till 1300 BC. It was one of the largest civilizations with Jiroft, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Peru, China. Now, we often hear how Aryan invasion is myth by sceptics. Now we know why. Its old theory from 1953 proposed by Mortimer Wheeler. Now this is crucial. As evidence he used 37 skeletons found in Mohenjo Daro. Imagine that. Some suggest that they have had over 5 million population. I always thought that beside thier script and language big mystery is why IVC fall. Was it because social turmoil? Drought? Can population decline be reason? Could it be that people just left IVC and inhabitat central asia and Anatolia then Europe. Floods perhaps? We know that circa 1900 BC number of sites in India increased from 218 to 853. So if they went east who say that they didnt left west and north too earlier?
Harappans built their cities from bricks, they have had multi storied houses, drainage systems. Their were great craftsman in metallurgy. They work with copper, bronze, lead and Tin. Tin mines can be only found in Balkan, south England and Afghanistan. They are famous because of seals and undeciphered Indus script. And their unknown language. People now often link it witj Dravidian and Elamo Dravidiaan language. They were alos famous because their urban planing,water system and sanitation system, standar ratio of brick size, cremation of their dead and burial urns with ashes of theor ancestors.
What I found interesting is that more than 500 Harappan sites have been discovered along the dried up river beds of the Ghaggar-Hakra River and its tributaries, in contrast to only about 100 along the Indus and its tributaries.
Rakhigarhi (150 km from New Delhi) is largest Harappan site known in India and second largest in the subcontinent, after Mohenjodaro (there we found cubes for games see picture) in Pakistan. Ofcourse there are Harappa, Lothal (On seal found there we can notice that they have had string instrument) , Dholavira, and Kalibangan.
So on one hand we have enormously big civilization with architecture and unknown language and on another hand enormosuly big civilization with language and without architecture.
They said that Harappans didnt have rulers and they all were equal. I doubt that but nevertheless. In Mohenjo Daro we can see big temple. So Im sure priests who were probably astronomers, doctors and so on have had better position in society.
I also wonder could we here on UM try to solve Indus script. It would be fun. Atleast that we try. We know that Egyptian hieroglyphs were peace of cake, literally. Obviously they have had wide range of symbols ,400-600 symbols, but typical Indus inscription have four or five symbols. Very short. Hard to find any context. Some seals wear swastika sign. There are similarities between the Proto-Elamite and the Indus script. But there are others similarites with Indus script such as script from Rapa Nui.
There are many artifacts found in IVC sites such as dancing girl. On many seals we dont know which animal that seal represent. Such as unicorns, half zebra half bull and so on.
I already post crossed legged sitting seal from Mohenjo Daro aka Pashupati. Some thinks that it represent Shiva. To me, I think that four faced gods in India, Slavic lands, Mesopotamia represent God which rules over animals. We know that people who work in wood in India wears mask behind their head because Tiger wont attack you from your front. We now know that Brahma and slavic Perun have four faces. So one more connection.
One more thing. Most sites around Ghaggar Hakra river are still not dated. Only few which say that they are 1200 BC. But who knows maybe they are older then that. Scientists found that isotopes of Ghagar Hakra dont come from Himalayan glaciers but from rain. So it seems that area was rainy. I wonder did they fall about as cultures in Green Sahara in 6th to 4th century?
Edited by the L, 25 January 2013 - 07:28 PM.