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Did Gautama Buddha live before Jesus supposedly lived?
Yes, about 500 years or so. The actual life dates are unknown for either man, typical estimates place the Buddha roughly 400 to 600 years before the Christ.
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If so I'd imagine his philosophy could have been passed along. Is this possible? I'm claiming to know. I'm just asking.
Yes. Gautama founded monasteries, and the monasteries dispatched missionaries. Some of them could have gone west; the Silk Road was available to them. If not Buddhist missionaries, then Westerners who went east to trade, and brought back stories of India.
However, there is a simpler explanation. The Buddha's contemporary, Heraclitus, had many of the same ideas as Gautama, except that Heraclitus didn't make a religion of it. He did, however, donate his book to a library. Socrates read the book, and taught it to Plato. Plato taught it to Aristotle, and Aristotle taught it to Alexander the Great. Alexander, his generals and their successors imposed Greek culture far and wide, including upon the Jewish homeland.
Moreover, Heraclitus inspired the Stoics, who were everywhere in the post-Alexander Hellenistic world. Philo of Alexandria saw the Stoic-Jewish connection. Jesus might have, too. Justin Martyr, a not quite proto-orthodox early Chrisitan writer called Heraclitus a Christian (as someone who lived "reasonably" before Jesus,
First Apology, chapter 46).
http://www.earlychri...rstapology.html
It's just not that difficult for a Hellenistic figure's ideas to resemble the Buddha's.