My opinion in coming. Personally I feel that congenital hydrocephalus is the most likely explanation. The reasons given on the "starchildproject" website for dismissing hydrocephalus are frankly, pathetic and really point out a lot of errors in gross anatomy.
Let's look at their quick dismissal;
Quote
Hydrocephaly indiscriminately expands the skull starting at the softest areas--the unfused sutures.1 The Starchild Skull's sutures were open and healthy at the time of death, meaning that if any internal pressure was present in the cranium it would have expanded first at the suture lines. But the expansion in the Starchild Skull, while symmetrical, is present only in the solid bone plates of the parietals.2 In fact, there is a pronounced dent at the sagittal suture 3--as impossible in a Hydrocephalic as it is to blow up a round balloon while leaving a dent down the middle. In addition, Hydrocephaly does not cause natural flattening of the occipital 4, shallowing and realignment of the eye sockets, compression of the bone, or any of the other abnormal features present in the Starchild Skull.5
(My inserted numbers to address their claims).
1. This actually isn't true. Hydrocephalus happens below the level of the dura matter. The dura and meningial layers are uneven and contorted following the contours of the cranial cavity. This actually can result in certain areas preferentially enlarging over others. Further more, not all suture lines are created equal. Some parts of the head will be easier to expand than others because the thickness and strength of the features there. This isn't something we need to speculate on, we can simply observe children with congenital hydrocephalus (CH) to see that they are mistaken about the always equal expansion;
2. This is again not true at all.
Looking at the starchild skull you can clearly see all the hallmarks of a human skull (sutures, foramen, fossas, etc) but more than just "expansion at the parietal". I would hope a real doctor examining the skulls would be able to see a little better than that....
You can clearly see that the frontal bones have been deformed, the hallmark is the in the ablatment of the supraorbital ridge seen in the side view. Notice the distension at the pterion, which signifies that greater wing of the sphenoid bone is deformed as well. Likewise, you can see the zygomatic process and squamous part of the temporal bone are deformed.
In a front on view;
Even the amateur anatomist can clearly see the ethmoid, pterygoid processes, nasal and orbital bones are all deformed. More interesting in this front on view, I find the foramen magnum, which looks deformed as well (which I believe is pointed out in Pye's report at his website). If this is the case then that could actually
support CH--As deformities which interfered with CSF flow from the 4th ventricle down through the cerebellomedullary cistern into the spinal cord. I've modified this TI MRI to add how the flow of CSF should normally go (green arrows) and where it gets reabsored in the arachnoid granulations (green stars). The red line is the approximate level the FM and you can see if this was displaced forward (yet the rhombencephalon still underwent embrylogical folding) the caudal medulla would penetrate the FM at a funny angle reducing flow for the normal route of the CSF (in fact I believe Pye's own measurements put it at "1.5 inches forward").
3. Again, as seen in the picture above the "pronounced dent" at the superior sagittal suture isn't uncommon in CH.
You can clearly see again with this child, the "dent"

at the sagittal suture.
And if his "experts" don't understand why they really shouldn't be practicing medicine. This is med school gross anatomy 101. Running in your brain you have compartmental specializations from the dura--The cerebral falx (sorry for you Latin fans I'm from the states so no falx cerebri for you!), cerebellar falx and cerebellar tentorium;
At the apex of the cerebral falx you have a particular specialization called the dural venous sinus, which is a very thick and tough part of the dural meningial layer there. For anyone who's ever dissected a human brain (and I have) you know that the dura here is particularly thick and tough while "thin" out over the cortical regions of the brain.
Since it is more thick and tough, we'd expect it to less malleable to pressure from CH and thus create an artifact of "dent" during expansion.
4. No CH doesn't specifically cause flattening of the occipital bone, but I'll tell you what does. Having a head weighed down with a heavy liquid substance (CSF) so never developing the neck strength to lift said head up. Ohhhh, over looked that one have we "experts". Not so surprising this still happens today to "late" bloomers who even have the luxury of laying in a soft crib. You may have heard people say "crib" head before, they are referring to the fact that the back of their head is flat from spending too much time on it (which is also one of the reasons your pediatrician tells you to get your baby interacting on its stomach as soon as you can). Laying on a cave floor or the ground, I can only imagine this is exacerbated all the more.
5. Again, this is more they've reached their conclusion and are simply dismissing anything that doesn't support it. The "shallowing" of orbits here is due to their elongation. If you look at normal 5 year olds skull and the starchilds, you'll not that the orbits are more shallow but elongated as well. When the head is "growing" up in CH, the inflicted individuals tend to get a "surprised" look expression due to extension of the skin and musculature around the eyes (see picture below). Considering that the bones that make up the orbit and periorbital areas are full of cartilagenous sutures it not a far stretch (no pun intended) to imagine they are easily distorted in the direction of the distorting force.
The bottom line is though, these starchild people already have their answer (its alien) and anything contrary is going be dismissed. You're not going to get the real details of "expert" evaluations (if they really had them) nor do I think Pye and the owners are all that eager to let real unbiased professionals go poking about.
My thoughts anyway, for those that were wondering
Edited by Copasetic, 06 June 2011 - 07:49 AM.