Saru, on 14 January 2013 - 01:35 PM, said:
Harvard University researchers believe it may soon be possible to regenerate human organs.
Okay I'm going to spoil the show! I'm going to tell everyone how telomeres lengthening works in humans, what activates it and also what shortens them. But first a few words of caution.
Caution
Each cell in your body has a certain amount of telomeres. The stuff called telomeres determines how many times a cell can divide because with every cell division the telomeres shortens. When it runs out a cell cant divide anymore and either suicides itself or goes into a semi-dormant state called senescence. An accumulation of scenescene cells in the body is what aging is. The catch is when in the semi-dormant state dna damage accumulates (it doesnt suicide anymore when dna damage happens) so if the cell gets reactived by telomeres lengthening it could go cancerous.
Immortal Mice
The mice have been genetically engineered to knock-out the normal trigger for their cellular telomeres lengthening mechanism. Instead they have been engineered so that the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen is the trigger. They feed the mice the chemotherapy drug, their cellular telomeres lengthens and they de-age. The reason why they didnt just activate the mechanisms normally is because they have patented drugs they plan to sell to the public.
Telomeres Lengthening Mechanism
In all mammals (including unengineered mice and humans) the mechanism is activated by the female sex hormone estradiol (estrogen). This is why women live longer than men and why women on the estrogen contraceptive pill live on average the longest. To de-age a human all you would need to do is put them on a high dose of estrogen for a few months.
Food Sources of Estrogen
Ever wondered why drinking large amounts of whole cows milk and eating soya is linked to an increased risk of cancer? Its because they contain large amounts of estradiol and estradiol like compounds all of which lengthen your telomeres. The estradiol also reactives senescence cells which is where the increased risk of cancer comes from.
What Else Lengthens Them? (or slows down shortening)
B vitamins and 3x30 minutes of intense exercise per week, starvation with sufficent nutrition, dehydration, heat shock, cold shock, low doses of radiation, injury, infection and missing the occasional nights sleep. Fruit and vegatables because of Vitamin C and the pigments. Natural food colourings which you cant OD on (fruit and vegatable pigments in concentrate). Drinking womens urine (they used to do this in China). Diabetes medication.
What Shoterns Them?
The mineral iron in your diet shortens them (its a super-oxidative), eating fish (promoted as a healthy diet when it isnt) and processed meats. Scientists dont know why processed meat shortens your telomeres yet. Eating a well balanced diet (promoted as healthy) shortens them as does eating a poor diet. The aim is starvation with sufficent nutrition for most of the week with a couple of days where you feast (hunter gatherer diet).
End
If you wanted to live to 500 right now you would -
Day 1 - Mixed fruits and vegatables. 1 Pint of whole cows milk and all the water you want.
Day 2 - Starvation and dehydration (not to be done in hot weather as not drinking could be dangerous)
Repeat with 1 or 2 pig out days per week on unprocessed meat.
3x30 minutes of intense exercise per week.
You may also be interested in knowing there are different ways in which cells suicide themselves. Apoptosis is triggered in scenscence cells during famine or dehydration or in the middle of winter when you're freezing.
Edited by Mr Right Wing, 14 January 2013 - 07:32 PM.