SQLserver, on 27 October 2009 - 05:08 PM, said:
This is an interesting idea, but I doubt it.
First of all, the article clearly states that his findings will be released along with his upcoming analysis on the neaderthal genome, which would be very cool.
However, I doubt it.
As
TalkOrigins showed here, the neanderthal mtDNA clearly falls outside of the range of variation of human mtDNA.
Although I cannot be sure, I suspect this means that the two species did not interbreed, could not interbreed, or could not produce viable offspring.
I mean, technically, it's probable: Heck, odd humans even today have sex with all sorts of weird animals. However, it didn't amount to much with neanderthals.
Actually that isn't entirely true. mtDNA is passed via the matriarchal lineage (ie; from mother to offspring). mtDNA is the DNA unique to mitochondria (that funny little power-house of a cell that used to be its type of prokaryote!) Turns out, moms' (gotta love momma) invest much more energy in their gametes. Eggs are large and expensive to make (as opposed to sperm) and moms make such an investment to better ensure the survival of the offspring.
One of the things the egg comes complete with is mom's mitochondria. Dad's mitochondria get broken down and destroyed after fertilization (for reason I can't remember at the moment).
Anyway, the point is, if mom is a modern human and dad is a neanderthal then our current mtDNA sequencing studies don't necessarily matter and will have to hold out for more in depth genome sequencing studies.
There also other ways (potentially, but unlikely) that our genome's could become mixed-Retroviruses.
Either way, I doubt we interbreed with Neanderthals and I suspect that if (a very big if) we did to a limited extent the alien genes would have already long since passed from our gene pool. I doubt (judging by the in-built prejudices we have against other groups) that being a human-neanderthal hybrid would benefit you in either's society.