libstaK, on 30 June 2012 - 03:27 AM, said:
I read a book on SETI many years ago which possited the same. Intelligence requires an "opposing digit" like our thumbs and the capacity for the "finer faculties" of say writing or sculpting in the muscular dexterity of a creature for civilisation to arise with "techological" attributes.
This is a point where the demarcation between semi-sapient and sapient need be made. Sapient is what humans are. Semi-sapient species likely include the dolphin, parrot, octopus, etc. They have many traits which could lend themselves to civilization (intelligence, for one), but not all. An octopus has manipulatory appendages, in the form of tentacles, and high intelligence; however, they are generally anti-social, and thus the formation of society and civilization is unlikely. Parrots are much the same way, however in their case, it is not anti-sociality which presents an obstacle, but the ease with which they can manipulate objects; having only feet and their beak (both of which can only lift or manipulate a very limited range of objects), they are cut off from the general scope of manipulation which would be required to form a human-like civilization. As for dolphins, they are highly intelligent, as well as highly social, but have virtually no capacity for the manipulation of objects.
As for things like chimpanzees and orangutans, I am of the opinion that they represent other fully sapient species on our planet; they either have not had the needed time for the development of civilization like ours (remember how long our own species existed in essentially ape-like nature), or perhaps, they are simply more inclined not to develop civilization like ours. That in itself may be a factor in sapience: our species, the naked ape, is virtually helpless without the use of tools, social cooperation, etc.; this is seemingly not the case with chimpanzees, for example, who are adapted to their environment in such a way that perhaps they have less natural incentive to form civilization.
Try to realize it's all within yourself / No-one else can make you change / And to see you're really only very small / And life flows on within you and without you. / We were talking about the love that's gone so cold and the people / Who gain the world and lose their soul / They don't know they can't see are you one of them? / When you've seen beyond yourself then you may find peace of mind / Is waiting there / And the time will come / when you see we're all one and life flows on within you and without you. ~ George Harrison