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1) how the story of Jesus was not exclusive to the biblical one, and how alot of the things in the bible are simple mis inturpreted. Well DUH!!!!
Little Bear et al,
Can anyone produce any Egyptian document or a document from the mystery cults that can confirm anything that the makers of
Zeitgeist purport? I have never seen any of the proponents of these views produce anything that can substantiate their claims. There are a few HUGE problems with what they are saying.
First, no one claims that Mithras or any other salvific figure in the mystery cults appeared in space, time, and history to proclaim anything. Because
there was no emphasis on the historicity of these mythic figures, the members of the cultus really weren't concerned with this.
Also, the details about Horus and Mithras (among other deities) are all screwed up (i.e.
falsified) in
Zeitgeist! There is no record in ANY Egyptian story of Horus' birth being occasioned by an Eastern star, three wise men, or his mom's impregnation by the Holy Spirit! There is also no evidence that Horus was a teacher at age 12, performed healing miracles, walked on water, was baptized (by anyone), was betrayed (by anyone), was crucified, died, and was "resurrected", or that he was called "The Truth", "The Light", "Lamb of God" or "Good Shepherd". As for having 12 disciples, there is some mention of four, semi-divine followers and a multitude of men who rode into battle with Horus, but the number 12 in reference to disciples appears nowhere.
Similarly with Mithras we find no evidence of a virgin birth (he emerged spontaneously from a rock); no evidence of 12 disciples who followed him (though he had some animal companions and a few [not twelve] human companions); no evidence or details concerning Mithras' death OR his "resurrection" (so we don't even have evidence that Mithras died to begin with!); and no evidence that he was referred to by ANY of the titles ascribed to Jesus Christ except "mediator" (and even so this title only pointed to the fact that Mithras was a mediator between the good and evil deities of Zoroastrianism, not that he was a mediator between God and humankind as with Jesus).
Here's an example of how folks discover so-called parallels between Christianity and mystery cults: Some say that the Christians "stole" the sacraments of baptism and communion (Lord's supper) from part of the Osiris myth. The supposed parallel? Osiris' brother (Horus) cut him into pieces and threw him in the Nile river. So because Osiris was dismembered and thrown into water, and because the Osiris myth existed prior to Jesus, then the Christian stole communion (Jesus' "dismemberment") and baptism (hey, it happens in water, right?) from the mystery cult devotees. This
intentional confusion of categories sadly dominates much of the discussion about the influence of mystery cults on early Christianity. Just as it is irresponsible to equate Mithras' "rising" with Jesus' resurrection, it is irresponsible to mingle things that are essentially different, no matter how many apparent similarities there are.
The mystery cults figures didn't proclaim to be "god" in the Jewish monotheistic sense, and they were not viewed that way by their devotees. They were more like demi-gods (at best), and paying homage to them looking very little like the homage paid to the Jewish God. If one were to ask a mystery cult devotee if Mithras or Adonis or Attis were "god" in the sense that Jesus portrayed himself as God, he/she would not be able to fit the demi-god into the same category. A self-revealing deity who is immanent and transcendent in the world he created and who works to redeem his creation was in no way what the mystery cults deities looked like. At best, these deities were figures to which one paid tribute for the pursuit of ecstatic experiences. Self-revelation in space, time, and history, the redemption of a wayward creation, and radical divine self-involvement were in no way a part of mystery cult mythology.
No religion--including the mystery cults--has anything like the Jewish theology/belief in resurrection. The dying and rising "saviors" of the mystery cults did not give of themselves sacrifically for the sake of the world's redemption. They died because they were so tied to the earth (some pantheism involved here) that when the winter came, they died with the vegetation. In the spring, they rose with the vegetation. That is hardly "resurrection." The Jewish belief in resurrection is rooted in (among other things) the belief that God would vindicate the righteous martyrs and the righteous dead. Jews before and after Jesus maintained that at the end of time, God would judge the world, finding the faithful in Israel to be in covenant faithfulness with Him and judging the wicked in Israel and in the Gentile world. What the Christians claimed (and still claim) about Jesus is that what God was supposed to do at the end of time for Israel, he did in the middle of history for Jesus. Jesus died a righteous death that in some way was redemptive for the sake of Israel and the world. No one before or after Jesus ever followed a failed (i.e., dead) messiah! At best, they would have remembered him fondly, but they did not follow him. A dead messiah simply was not the messiah. Christians maintain that God vindicated Jesus, thusly authenticating his death as God's victory, not Jesus' defeat. And resurrection was not a mere coming back from the dead. Jesus raised people from the dead during his ministry, but no one ever claimed that these people were resurrected. Why? Because resurrection was more than just coming back from the dead. Resurrection involved God's raising of the dead to new life, a state in which the body could not die again, a state in which the resurrected one had power over sin, death, and hades. This is resurrection. The mystery cults have nothing like this. No religion outside of Judaism (and Christianity and Islam which are derived from Judaism) has anything like this.
Many make the charge that the early Christians stole this or stole that from the mystery cults simply because some (and not all) of the mystery cults existed in some form before Jesus. Two big problems with that, though, are as follows: a) Some of the elements inherent to the myths of mystery cult demi-gods were already present in Judaism. For instance, someone says, "Well the Christian view of Jesus as great teacher, a miracle-worker, and a dying/rising savior can be found in the (earlier) stories of Horus or Osiris." But this would be unnecessary for Christians to do concerning Jesus. Jesus and his earliest followers were Jewish.
Jewish religion was rife with prophetic figures who taught profound things and worked miracles. Also, the notion of sacrificial death was a major part of atonement theology as seen in the Passover, levitical law, and other instances in the Torah. Resurrection, in addition to being entirely different from anything mystery cults believed about the "rising" of their demi-gods, was categorically a Jewish concept. The Christians had too much material available to them via Judaism to have to turn to mystery cults for influence. The New Testament (whether one agrees with/believes in it) demonstrates an obvious and unabashed reliance upon Jewish theology and practice, lifting from mystery cults.