Maya priests in the city of Chichen Itza in the Yucatan peninsula sacrificed children to petition the gods for rain and fertile fields by throwing them into sacred sinkhole caves, known as "cenotes."
The caves served as a source of water for the Mayans and were also thought to be an entrance to the underworld.
Archeologist Guillermo de Anda pieced together the bones of 127 bodies discovered at the bottom of one of Chichen Itza's sacred caves and found over 80 per cent were likely boys between the ages of 3 and 11. The other 20 per cent were mostly adult men.
Children were often thrown alive to their watery graves to please the Mayan rain god Chaac.
Archeologists previously believed young female virgins were sacrificed because the remains, which span from around 850 AD until the Spanish colonisation, were often found adorned with jade jewellery.
It is difficult to determine the sex of skeletons before they are fully matured. Cultural evidence from Mayan mythology would suggest the young victims were actually male.
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