The Council of Nicea (325 AD) was not a Council of general agreement .the Bishops were under pressure from Constantine to reach some sort of agreement ,The divinity of Jesus was one sticking point
"More than half of the council's time was devoted to a major controversy that had been sweeping Christianity for a number of years, and the disposition of that controversy was the primary reason for calling the council. A man named Arius made the observation that Jesus Christ was called the "Son of God." Now, in our normal human experience, a father exists before his son ever exists. Or, more to the point, there is a time when the son did not exist, namely all prior eternity.

If Christ was the Son of God, then that implies that there was a time when only the father existed, as in human experience. Therefore, Christ cannot be divine, since a divine being would always have existed.

The council debated whether Christ was divine or whether he was simply a human tool of God. Constantine took the position that Christ was divine. Eusebius took the opposing position, along with 200 other bishops, that Christ was not divine. The bishops were asked to express their views on the subject and
soon realized that disagreement with the emperor's view would lead to dire consequences. Many of them eventually turned silent. At the conclusion of the debates two of them remained adamant that Christ was not divine. Constantine declared them banished and excommunicated. Incredibly, the council finally settled the matter by voting. It declared that Christ was divine.

And so billions of Christians, over the centuries, have been taught that Christ is divine, not based on fact, but based
on a vote. If the Council of Nicea had voted differently, then the faithful would not know of Christ as divine.

At the conclusion of the council, Constantine addressed a letter to the bishops and the people, in which he said: "If any treatise composed by Arius should be discovered, let his depraved doctrine be suppressed but also, that no memorial of him may be, by any means left. This, therefore I decree, that if any one shall not instantly bring it forward and burn it, the penalty for this offense shall be death." One would think that Arius would be dead meat at that point, but strangely he was only banished. He returned in later years and was readmitted to the church, having recanted.

The last part of the bottom legend in the picture mentioned above reads: "CHRISTUS DEI PATRI CONSUBSTANIALIS DECLARATUR PIETAS CONDEMNATUR," which translates: "The declaration that Christ and God the Father are only similar (and therefore not equal) is condemned."

One would also think that the Council of Nicea would have ended the Arian dispute, but it was far from over. Constantine died in 330 AD and was therefore not around any more to impose his decree. By 359 AD, bishops were once again engaged in furious debate over the Arian matter and it was a hot subject in Constantinople. Two church councils, one at Selenica and one at Rimini declared that the Son is only "similar" to the Father, thereby overturning the decision of the Council of Nicea and declaring to the world that Christ was not divine. Our recently introduced friend, Jerome, complained at this time "The whole world groans and marvels to find itself Arian." A later church council reinstated the decision of Nicea and Christ was finally divine for all time.

The Roman Catholic Church is not capable of directly describing the Arian controversy to the faithful, because to do so would reveal that it was not settled whether Christ was divine until the 4
th century. If one looks up "Councils of the Church" in the Catholic Encyclopedia, one will find all the councils listed except the First Council of Nicea, however it is mentioned in a separate section. In that section, the Arius controversy is mentioned extremely briefly and offhandedly. The reader is not told that the heresy was the main reason for calling the council in the first place and not even a brief gist of the controversy is presented.

For more than 100 years after the Council of Nicea, there were dozens of church councils, each reversing the decrees of the other and oftentimes excommunicating each other's groups. It is amazing to visualize assembled groups of bishops deciding matters with no facts whatsoever. They would simply agree among themselves whether something was true or not.

In the time of Constantine, there was a large influx into the Christian clergy. It was an attractive way to escape the heavy burden of responsibility to the state. It reached such proportions that Constantine was forced to issue an edict restricting the numbers of those who could enter the clergy. In modern Israel the ultra orthodox are not serving in the military, because they are all rabbis. History repeats itself.

The Council of Nicea marked the culmination of tendencies that had been giving Christianity a different direction for over a century. An elaborate church organization and an increasingly complex ceremonial were part of an institution quite foreign to the story of Christ's simple ministry. The Greeks, during the 2nd and 3rd centuries, developed a penchant for theological debate, while the Romans had a preoccupation with church law and organization. In the early centuries of the church a gradual shift developed away from the insistence of how a Christian must behave to the less burdensome commitment as to what a Christian must believe. This facilitated the rapid growth of Christianity."
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