Kratos provided a link which i read. One pasage neatly summarises the situation for me
QUOTE
All cognitive programs - including superordinate programs of this kind - are sometimes mistaken for "homunculi", that is, entities endowed with "free will". A homunculus scans the environment and freely chooses successful actions in a way that is not systematic enough to be implemented by a program. It is the task of cognitive psychologists to replace theories that implicitly posit such an impossible entity with theories that can be implemented as fixed programs with open parameters.
This branch of psychology is saying that emotions are pure instinctive feelings, learned by continued exposure to different stimuli and the best reaction to each. It believes that we do not scan the environment and use our intellect to freely chose successful actions.
In my opinion they are partly right and partly wrong. They go on to analyse fear, as an example and say that we always react to fear in preprogrammed ways. However this does not make alowance for our intelligence and ability to make choices which overide those felings.
It is possible to learn, to first ignore, and then eliminate, the physical reactions of fear which danger brings to us. I know because i learned to do this as a child, but also every soldier must learn to do this before they can be effective in their role. And fear is one of the most powerful and basic emotions If we can overide this through an homunculi(or more simpply the application of rational decision makng based on intellect rather than emotion) then we can assuredly do so for all other emotions.
This is one basic difference between humans and other ainmals. While we may all feel fear, animals have only limited preprogrammed means of reacting to that fear. Humans have almost unlimited choices in their response. . Thus the intellectual component of emotions is significant, and the basis for my opinion that animals feel a very few emotions compared with humans and that the word emotion does not mean the same thing when applied to an animal as a human.
This is because only a human has any conscious recognition of what they are feeling, and thereby the ability to analyse and respond to the physical emotion, creating a combination of a physical and intellectual emotion, unique to humans.
To me the homunculi is not an impossible entity. It is something i have recognised in myself and utilisd effectively since my pre teenage years.