
The rapidly advancing science is forecast to transform society
http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/science...9-1n12nano.html
In a sleek UCSD laboratory, physicist Ivan Schuller is developing sensors for chemical and biological weapons – instruments so tiny that millions will fit on a chip the size of a postage stamp.
At the nearby Burnham Institute, also in La Jolla, Erkki Ruoslahti is testing microscopic spheres that act like guided missiles, carrying chemotherapy drugs to a cancer tumor.
The rapidly advancing science of things incredibly minute stands to change everything – the clothing people wear, the houses in which they live, the cars they drive, the medicines they take, the foods they eat, the computers they use and much more.
"Nanotechnology truly will bring a revolution in technology and industry," said Mihail Roco, senior adviser for nanotechnology at the National Science Foundation.
It will transform society faster than the computer industry and pervade daily life in obvious and subtle ways, Roco said. By 2015, he predicts, more than half of all new products will come from nanotechnology. Many people regard nanotechnology as the driver of a second industrial revolution.
In the future, some of the most dramatic advances might include wireless computers and video screens embedded in eyeglasses, as well as minuscule machines that can assemble themselves to achieve tasks.
He has developed sensors made from particles of silicon he calls "smart dust." Like flecks of living room dust that float in a beam of sunlight, Sailor's smart dust can flood an area. But here's the key difference: Smart dust has been engineered to reflect different colors of light when exposed to particular chemicals, such as sarin gas
Many scientists working with nanotechnology said they are most excited by how the field will transform the medical world.
When applied to treatment of diseases, such knowledge might allow researchers to target cancer cells with unprecedented precision, said Ruoslahti, the cancer researcher at the Burnham Institute.
Unlike conventional chemotherapy, the nano-particles that Ruoslahti is developing are projected to carry a small molecule that will attach itself – and its drug cargo – only to blood vessels that feed cancer tumors.
The anticipated pervasiveness of nanotechnology in coming years has worried some people. Some scientists believe that newly made materials could become dangerous to human health and the environment.
For instance, it's unclear how toxic some nano-particles might be to human health. The large surface area of nano-particles, relative to their overall size, increases their toxicity when inhaled. They can penetrate deep into the lungs and may move to the brain, liver and other parts of the body.
Some worry that nano-particles in the wrong hands could be used as terrorist weapons.
"We have to develop ways to deal with unexpected consequences"

