Early modern humans and Neanderthals probably did not interbreed, according to evidence collected by Italian scientists. Researchers have long considered Neanderthals and the humans that lived in Europe 30,000 years ago as distinct species, even though they lived side by side.

However, there is controversy over theories that Neanderthals made a contribution to the gene pool of people living today. This has been fuelled by a skeleton uncovered in Portugal that appears to show both Neanderthal and human features.

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