About a quarter of the nation’s largest industrial plants and water treatment facilities are in serious violation of pollution standards at any one time, yet only a fraction of them face formal enforcement actions, according to an Environmental Protection Agency internal study.
The study, completed in February by the EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance, found that half the serious offenders exceeded pollution limits for toxic substances by more than 100 percent.
When formal disciplinary actions were taken, fewer than half resulted in fines, which averaged about $6,000.
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