Submitted by Artemis: A super volcano is the most destructive natural force on earth. Super volcanoes produce the largest and most voluminous kinds of eruptions ever recorded throughout earth history. Most super volcanoes are what volcanologists call caldera volcanoes. Caldera volcanoes are formed after magma has been erupted and the volcano collapses into the voided chamber.The largest known super volcano is the Siberian Traps in Russia, which had the largest volcanic event in the last 500 million years. The Siberian Traps eruption, which lasted over a million years has been blamed for the Permian-Triassic extinction event. This extinction event occurred 252 million years ago, when 90% of all marine life and 70% of all other life became extinct.What most do not realize is the number of these sleeping giants that exist. When someone in the United States hears the word super volcano they think "Yellowstone", but Yellowstone isn't the only monster that exists. Some caldera volcanoes located in North America are Yellowstone (WY), Crater Lake (OR), Long Valley (CA), Sturgeon Lake (Ontario), Valle Grande (NM). Some of the biggest caldera volcanoes from around the world are Krakotoa (Indonesia), Tambora (Indonesia), Toba (Sumatra), Taupo (New Zealand) and the Siberian Traps in Russia. There are over 138 caldera volcanoes in the world, whose crater exceeds 5 miles in diameter, 40 of which are super volcanoes. Evidence shows that when super volcanoes erupt it effects our climate and the environment for many years after. The Toba eruption 74,000 years ago, and the 3 Yellowstone eruptions 2.1 million, 1.3 million and 640,000 years ago have been blamed for causing earths past ice ages.Here's a good illustration of the eruptive capacity of a super volcano. Mount St. Helens 1980 eruption ejected 1.2 cubic kilometers of material, enough to fill a large sports stadium 1,569 times. The St. Helens eruption is very small compared to historic super eruptions.
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