The Science of Aliens, a new exhibition at the Science Museum, reveals that the answer to the perennial question “Are we alone?” may be closer than we thought. While many will be drawn to a presentation of the Daleks and androids that have fuelled the world of sci-fi, and some interesting insights into the more “alien” habitats within the Earth’s crust itself, the real meat lies in the exhibition’s third area. Taking impetus from a forthcoming Channel 4 documentary, Aliens, and working with the producer Nick Stringer, I was part of a team of scientists thrown together to brainstorm new biospheres into existence. We imagined a world with an atmosphere much thicker than that of the Earth. How would life evolve? We can be pretty sure that there will be plants, but here on the satellite we called Blue Moon the forests are gigantic — trees a kilometre high. Swooping through the dense canopy are the stalkers, flying horrors that are vaguely wasp-like but much larger. Highly social and predatory, they hunt immense flyers, creatures that we dub the sky-whales. The other planet we nick-name Aurelia — it is roughly Earth-sized, but orbiting a much smaller and dimmer star than our Sun. It is different in another important way: gravitational forces have locked Aurelia so that one side is permanently in sunlight, the other in perpetual and icy darkness. Life again adapts, and here we conjure up umbrella-like forests, aquatic foragers known as mudpods, and ostrich-like hunters, the gulphogs. In some ways this is a very stable world, but actually danger is never far away. From lethal predators to the star’s sudden and intense ultraviolet flares, we envisage a dynamic alien ecology.