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The fact is you can not prove by literature itself that Plato or Socrates were who they said they were. And consequently you can refute any author from that period of history for not being who they claim to be but the speculation is based on the lack of evidence not on evidence itself.
The information that we have on Socrates comes from contemporaries, in this case two of his students - Plato and Xenophon. We know Socrates father and mother’s names, his wifes name (and the fact that she was considered a shrew), how many children he had, we know of his military service, what battles he fought in, his acts of bravery and heroic rescue of a friend on the field of battle and his subsequent refusal of decoration for that action. We also know of Plato and Xenophon from the writings of a contemporary of them - Aristotle, a student of Plato, so as you can see, the Greek philosophers are fairly were (albeit fragmentarily) documented by contemporaries. We also have the knowledge that none of these individuals made fantastic claims of divinity, consequently there is no reason for more than normal evidence of their existence.
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The same claim is held against Flavius Josephus (AD 37?-101?) writings, when the truth is Josephus has not been proven to be a fraud. What it is is people doubt his writings because he lends credit to Christ being a deity. However, the writing style is the same throughout all of Josephus' writings.
None of the early Christians cite the “Testimonium” in their works, not Justin Martyr, Theophilus Antiochenus, Melito of Sardis, Minucius Felix, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexander, Julius Africanus, Pseudo-Justin, Tertullian, Hippolytus, Origen, Methodius,
nor Lactantius. Although each of these writers show familiarity with the works of Josephus, as pointed out by Michael Hardwick in “Josephus as an Historical Source in Patristic Literature through Eusebius”. Origen used passages from the Antiquities to establish the historicity of John the Baptist and would have been eager to quote the Antiquities to prove the historical existence of Jesus. Interestingly, It was for the purpose of proving that Jesus performed true miracles, not to establish his historicity, that Eusebius quoted the “Testimonium” in his “Evangelical Demonstration”. So we can show that the early Church Fathers would have gladly quoted an existing “Testimonium”. This is an absence of proof, but strong evidence of the “Testimonium” being a much later Christian interpolation. This is only one of a myriad reasons (including the style of Greek used in proven Josephus’ works as compared with the Testimonium – nowhere similar, the Greek of the Testimonium is a much more educated version, unlike Josephus’ mediocre Greek, the brevity of the Testimonium as opposed to other mentions of “Messiahs”, the fact that as a Pharisee, Josephus could not have said what is in the Testimonium and remained a Pharisee – which he did ) that scholars are hesitant to consider the Testimonium as more than a forgery by the first person to quote it (Esuebius in the 4th century CE)
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"Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular." Tacitus (A.D. c.55-A.D. c.117, Roman historian) – Annals
Christianity has no part in Tacitus's history of the Caesars. Except for one questionable reference in the Annals he records nothing of a cult marginal even in his own day. The term 'Christian' was not in use during the reign of Nero and there would not have been 'a great crowd' unless we are speaking of Jews, not Christians. Jewish/Christians' – being perceived by Roman authorities (and the populace at large) simply as Jews meant that early Christ-followers also got caught up in general attacks upon the Jews. One consequence of the fire which destroyed much of Rome in 64 AD was a capitation tax levied on the Jews and it was the Jews – throughout the empire – who were required to pay for the city’s rebuilding – a factor which helped to radicalize many Jews in the late 60s AD. No Christian apologist for centuries ever quoted the passage of Tacitus – not in fact, until it had appeared almost word-for-word in the writings of Sulpicius Severus, in the early fifth century, where it is mixed in with other myths. Sulpicius's contemporaries credited him with a skill in the 'antique' hand. He put it to good use and fantasy was his forte: his Life of St. Martin is replete with numerous 'miracles', including raising of the dead and personal appearances by Jesus and Satan. In short, the passage in Tacitus is a fraud and adds no evidence for a historic Jesus.
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Personally for myself the evidence many of you ask for is evident in the shear number of Christians at that time period who believed so strongly in their Lord Jesus that they gave themselves over to the Romans to be tortured and fed to the lions so many that the Romans Empire finally felt “If you can’t beat them you might as well join them” and formed the Holy Roman Catholic Church.
Using that criteria, then the Islamic Terrorist Bombers must give evidence of the validity of Islam over Christianity. They, after all, are willing to die for their religion! Wllingness to die for a cause does not give evidence of anything other than the individuals value their beliefs over their life. It definitely does not give evidence of the validity of their beliefs. At the time that Constantine declared Christianity to be the official religion of the Empire, there were an estimated (based on the number of churches and average size of congregations) 150,000 Christians in an Empire of 6,000,000+ people, hardly a “shear” number.