QUOTE
I only use creationism to explain how life formed on earth, not the earth itself. It's pure fact that it was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. I do not believe in evolution because:
okay so let me get this strait... you think that the world is 4.5 billion years old but you still believe the creation story as the reason we're here?
that's a new one for me but okay...
explain then why it says god created light, planets and life?
was it already here and he just used it???
but i am glad that someone finally posted acctual problems they have with their understanding of the theory, thank you, and i have information that may help you better understand.
QUOTE
-"Photosynthesis may be how plants process sunlight, but we're talking about a time before even the first cell; after all, plants have genetic information that programs certain cells in them in how to process this incoming light. Our first primordial cell would have no such mechanism built in yet to process ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, evolution cannot have occurred."
i think you are mistaken almost every cell in a plant has stacks of little bags floating around that contain pigments that collect sunlight, some just have more then others
QUOTE
Plastids are also membrane-bound organelles that only occur in plants and photosynthetic eukaryotes.
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. They contain chlorophyll, the green pigment necessary for photosynthesis to occur, and associated accessory pigments (carotenes and xanthophylls) in photosystems embedded in membranous sacs, thylakoids (collectively a stack of thylakoids are a granum [plural = grana]) floating in a fluid termed the stroma. Chloroplasts contain many different types of accessory pigments, depending on the taxonomic group of the organism being observed.
link... by the way i'm not sure how you are tying this in to why you don't believe in evolution... but anyway just for the information
plants are by no means the first or only things that use photosynthesis some prokaryotes and eukaryotes also use it, and it is not at all how the first cells got their energy, nor do i understand what abiogenesis has to do with evolution.... they are TWO very different things, evolution has nothing to do with how life started only how it changes...
okay and just for the heck of it here's how photosynthisis works...
linkQUOTE
-"Mendels’ law of genetics prove that variation can occur within a species, but cannot create a new species across phylum boundaries. Acquired characteristics cannot be inherited, such as the large muscles of a weightlifter to his son. Natural selection cannot create new genes, it can only select from existing gene information nation. Dogs remain dogs, and cats remain cats."
and just what exactly in mendals theory of genetics says that evolution can't be possible??
i've studied it quite a bit in the biology classes i've been in and i've never once seen anything that says that disproves evolution...
mendel describes the passing on of triat but he in no way knew anything about evolution, or even DNA at the time much less mutations and such. in fact i can't remember anything at all in the whole theory that deals with mutation, not to mention that says it can't happen...
when you are working with his models you have to assume that there will be no enviornmental changes, or mutations... therefore mendel squars are useful but in no way reflect the acctual world.darwin describes why certain genes are passed on, and mendel describes how they are passed on... they are quite complamentary, but in no way contradicting
but here's more information...
QUOTE
Mutations | Back to Top
Hugo de Vries, one of three turn-of-the-century scientists who rediscovered the work of Mendel, recognized that occasional abrupt, sudden changes occurred in the patterns of inheritance in the primrose plant. These sudden changes he termed mutations. De Vries proposed that new alleles arose by mutations. Charles Darwin, in his Origin of Species, was unable to describe how heritable changes were passed on to subsequent generations, or how new adaptations arose. Mutations provided answers to problems of the appearance of novel adaptations. The patterns of Mendelian inheritance explained the perseverance of rare traits in organisms, all of which increased variation, as you recall that was a major facet of Darwin's theory.
Mendel's work was published in 1866 but not recognized until the early 1900s when three scientists independently verified his principles, more than twenty years after his death. Ignored by the scientific community during his lifetime, Mendel's work is now a topic enjoyed by generations of biology students
linkQUOTE
There is no actual proof that gases can form simple life (amino acid theory)
okay this acctually has nothing what so ever to do really with the evolution theory, but i do also have quite a bit of information on this and i'm sure many people would like to see some of this information...
QUOTE
The proteins necessary for life are very complex. The odds of even one simple protein molecule forming by chance are 1 in 10113, and thousands of different proteins are needed to form life. (See also Primitive cells arising by chance.)
Response:
The calculation of odds assumes that the protein molecule formed by chance. However, biochemistry is not chance, making the calculated odds meaningless. Biochemistry produces complex products, and the products themselves interact in complex ways. For example, complex organic molecules are observed to form in the conditions that exist in space, and it is possible that they played a role in the formation of the first life (Spotts 2001).
The calculation of odds assumes that the protein molecule must take one certain form. However, there are innumerable possible proteins that promote biological activity. Any calculation of odds must take into account all possible molecules (not just proteins) that might function to promote life.
The calculation of odds assumes the creation of life in its present form. The first life would have been very much simpler.
The calculation of odds ignores the fact that innumerable trials would have been occurring simultaneously.
linkQUOTE
The most primitive cells are too complex to have come together by chance. (See also Probability of abiogenesis.)
Response:
Biochemistry is not chance. It inevitably produces complex products. Amino acids and other complex molecules are even known to form in space.
Nobody knows what the most primitive cells looked like. All the cells around today are the product of billions of years of evolution. The earliest self-replicator was likely very much simpler than anything alive today; self-replicating molecules need not be all that complex (Lee et al. 1996), and protein-building systems can also be simple (Ball 2001; Tamura and Schimmel 2001).
This claim is an example of the argument from incredulity. Nobody denies that the origin of life is an extremely difficult problem. That it has not been solved, though, does not mean it is impossible. In fact, there has been much work in this area, leading to several possible origins for life on earth:
Panspermia, which says life came from someplace other than earth. This theory, however, still does not answer how the first life arose.
Proteinoid microspheres (Fox 1960, 1984; Fox and Dose 1977; Fox et al. 1995; Pappelis and Fox 1995): This theory gives a plausible account of how some replicating structures, which might well be called alive, could have arisen. Its main difficulty is explaining how modern cells arose from the microspheres.
Clay crystals (Cairn-Smith 1985): This says that the first replicators were crystals in clay. Though they do not have a metabolism or respond to the environment, these crystals carry information and reproduce. Again, there is no known mechanism for moving from clay to DNA.
Emerging hypercycles: This proposes a gradual origin of the first life, roughly in the following stages: (1) a primordial soup of simple organic compounds. This seems to be almost inevitable; (2) nucleoproteins, somewhat like modern tRNA (de Duve 1995a) or peptide nucleic acid (Nelson et al. 2000), and semicatalytic; (3) hypercycles, or pockets of primitive biochemical pathways that include some approximate self-replication; (4) cellular hypercycles, in which more complex hypercycles are enclosed in a primitive membrane; (5) first simple cell. Complexity theory suggests that the self-organization is not improbable. This view of abiogenesis is the current front-runner.
The iron-sulfur world (Russell and Hall 1997; Wächtershäuser 2000): It has been found that all the steps for the conversion of carbon monoxide into peptides can occur at high temperature and pressure, catalyzed by iron and nickel sulfides. Such conditions exist around submarine hydrothermal vents. Iron sulfide precipitates could have served as precursors of cell walls as well as catalysts (Martin and Russell 2003). A peptide cycle, from peptides to amino acids and back, is a prerequisite to metabolism, and such a cycle could have arisen in the iron-sulfur world (Huber et al. 2003).
Polymerization on sheltered organophilic surfaces (Smith et al. 1999): The first self-replicating molecules may have formed within tiny indentations of silica-rich surfaces so that the surrounding rock was its first cell wall.
Something that no one has thought of yet.
linkQUOTE
Miller-Urey type experiments produce toxic chemicals, such as cyanide and formaldehyde, but not amino acids.
Source:
Discovery Institute. 2003. A preliminary analysis of the treatment of evolution in biology textbooks currently being considered for adoption by the Texas State Board of Education.
http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/TexasPrelim.pdf, p. 5.
Response:
Cyanide and formaldehyde are necessary building blocks for important biochemical compounds, including amino acids (Abelson 1996). They are not toxins in this context.
linkQUOTE
Complex organic molecules, such as the bases in RNA, are very fragile and unstable, except at low temperatures. They would not hold together long enough to serve as the first self-replicating proto-life.
Response:
The source Bergman cites for the fragility of RNA bases (Levy and Miller 1998) disputes abiogenesis only at high temperatures, around 100 degrees Celsius. They also conclude, "At 0 degrees C, A, U, G, and T appear to be sufficiently stable (t1/2 greater than or equal to 106 yr) to be involved in a low-temperature origin of life." They also say that cytosine is unstable enough at 0 degrees Celsius (half life of 17,000 years) that it may not have been involved in the first genetic material. The discovery of a ribozyme without C-G bases shows that genetic material without cytosine is plausible (Reader and Joyce 2002).
If synthesis of nucleo-bases is catalyzed and hydrolysis is not, we expect the nucleo-bases to accumulate. Formamide, which can form under prebiotic conditions, has been found to catalyze the formation of nucleo-bases (Saladino et al. 2001; Saladino et al. 2003).
RNA degrades quickly today because there are enzymes (RNAses) to chew it up. Those enzymes would not have evolved if RNA degraded quickly on its own. If complex organic molecules were so fragile, life itself would be impossible. In fact, life exists even in boiling temperatures or at very high acidity.
Life need not have begun with highly stable molecules. Eigen and Schuster developed a notion of chemical hypercycles, in which many chemical components coexist; each component of the reaction leads to other components, which eventually reform the original one (Eigen and Schuster 1977). Chemicals involved in such a cycle need not persist longer than the duration of the hypercycle itself.
Organic molecules may have grown in association with stabilizing templates, such as clay templates (Ertem and Ferris 1996), or parts of the hypercycles mentioned above.
linkQUOTE
Abiogenesis is speculative without evidence. Since it has not been observed in the laboratory, it is not science.
Response:
There is a great deal about abiogenesis that is unknown, but investigating the unknown is what science is for. Speculation is part of the process. As long as the speculations can be tested, they are scientific. Much scientific work has been done in testing different hypotheses relating to abiogenesis, including the following:
research into the formation of long proteins (Ferris et al. 1996; Orgel 1998; Rode et al. 1999);
synthesis of complex molecules in space (Kuzicheva and Gontareva 1999; Schueller 1998; see also: "UV would have destroyed early molecules".);
research into molecule formation in different atmospheres; and
synthesis of constituents in the iron-sulfur world around hydrothermal vents (Cody et al. 2000; Russell and Hall 1997).
See also the references and suggested readings with Primitive cells are too complex, Abiogenesis experiments assume a reducing atmosphere, DNA needs proteins to form, proteins need DNA, Amino acids are left-handed,
linkwell anyway i hope these helped you with your understanding of the theory alittle better
thanks for posting