Help - Search - Members - Calendar
Full Version: IF A TREE FALLS IN THE WOODS...
Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums > Unexplained Mysteries > Metaphysics, Psychology & Psychic Phenomena
Pages: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
brave_new_world
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 15 2007, 01:07 AM) [snapback]1628775[/snapback]
There are two ways of looking at this, the spiritual (believing without seeing) way, and the scientific (proven) way. Based on science, we know sound waves exist. However, sound is the end result of transmission and receiving.


Science has only been able to "prove" sound waves exist because there are observers to prove it.

QUOTE
So in the end, the sound waves exist, because the tree exists, and because this is not some magic tree, the sound waves are a proven result of a tree hitting the ground.


How do we know it isnt magic? How do we know that no anomoly in nature arrived that caused the tree not to make a sound?

QUOTE
However, the sound does not exist, as there is the transmission of sound waves, but being no one there to hear them, then the sound does not exist because no one has experienced this question.

And so, the age-old question's answer:

Sound waves exist.
Sound does not exist.

The tree, does not make a sound.


To believe either one is an act of faith. How do we know the tree doesnt make a sound? We cant tell either way unless someone is their.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(St Q @ Apr 15 2007, 04:08 AM) [snapback]1628989[/snapback]
I found an interesting article that may help clear up a few things:

"Berkeley made the radical claim that there is no 'out there', or, more precisely, there is no matter. Berkeley's position, which is called 'idealism', can be summed up in his famous phrase 'esse is percipi': to be is to be perceived. What we call 'bodies', or physical objects, are simply stable collections of perceptions to which we give names such as 'apples', 'trees', and so on. These collections of perceptions have no existence apart from a perceiving mind. The answer to the famous conundrum 'If a tree falls in the forest and no one hears it, does it make a sound?' is that if no one is perceiving it, it not only does not make a sound, the tree does not even exist!

Does this mean that trees go out of existence when no one is left in the forest to perceive them and that they come back into existence when someone enters the forest to perceive them again? It would seem that Berkeley must accept this odd conclusion were it not for one important point: God never leaves the forest and God is always perceiving the trees. By always holding all collections of perceptions in the divine mind, God ensures their continued existence and the perceived regularity in what we call 'nature'."

Source: http://www.whitworth.edu/Academic/Departme...ata/d_berke.htm

I find it extremely fascinating that Berkeley's views almost parallel those mentioned in the following topic:
http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum...showtopic=90086

And here I was thinking that I was the only crazy nut trying to claim that there is no such thing as matter! What a hoot!


Ya I fully agree with Berkely here. Reality is just a product of the mind and cannot be proven to have any other existence.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 15 2007, 04:45 AM) [snapback]1629026[/snapback]
A: The tree does not make a sound.


So you are admitting that reality is completely subjective????????????
hewa
But you're all missing the point, the answer I have given is based on the information given, there is no speak of 'magic trees' or any specific details of the situation and therefore it is an average situation which is given an average answer.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 15 2007, 09:42 AM) [snapback]1629361[/snapback]
But you're all missing the point, the answer I have given is based on the information given, there is no speak of 'magic trees' or any specific details of the situation and therefore it is an average situation which is given an average answer.


Define an "average" situation?
St Q
QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 14 2007, 07:16 PM) [snapback]1629339[/snapback]
Ya I fully agree with Berkely here. Reality is just a product of the mind and cannot be proven to have any other existence.

Would you also say that Truethat answered the question correctly?
QUOTE(truethat @ Mar 3 2007, 10:54 PM) [snapback]1567042[/snapback]
God heard it! wink2.gif tongue.gif

I ask this not just because Berkeley believed in God, but because Adam didn't "perceive" the sun and his own naked body until after being expelled from the Garden of Eden. It's as if God had said: "Here, take these blue pills... and welcome to the illusionary world of matter."

A person who believes in God could say that the sound was perceived in the divine mind of the Creator, and therefore existed in nature. But a person who doesn't believe in such things could say that there is no sound, and depending on their point-of-view, both persons would be right. Right?
Leonardo
QUOTE(St Q @ Apr 15 2007, 08:39 AM) [snapback]1629643[/snapback]
A person who believes in God could say that the sound was perceived in the divine mind of the Creator, and therefore existed in nature. But a person who doesn't believe in such things could say that there is no sound, and depending on their point-of-view, both persons would be right. Right?


If God is omnipresent then the sound must exist, I would think. Disbelief in God would not necessarily lead to your second assumption however. Sound could be thought of as energy - after all 'sound' is just a word no matter how this word is defined. That our ears translate this energy into something we call 'sound' does not mean that 'sound' is not what all other matter experiences when this energy interacts with it. To assume it is only 'sound' because we are conscious of it is rather egocentric.

QUOTE
I ask this not just because Berkeley believed in God, but because Adam didn't "perceive" the sun and his own naked body until after being expelled from the Garden of Eden. It's as if God had said: "Here, take these blue pills... and welcome to the illusionary world of matter."


Going a bit off-topic here and I hope the OP doesn't mind. Adam perceived his nakedness before being expelled from Eden. Before eating the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil Adam and Eve perceived their nakedness as 'good'. After eating the fruit they perceived their nakedness as 'bad' (they were ashamed and covered themselves). This would seem to imply that it was knowledge itself that exposed the lie of their nakedness (it was 'bad' but they did not recognise that fact) and so Eden was in fact illusory, until knowledge was gained to dispel the illusion. Adam and Eve were evicted because they came to see the lie and had lost their innocence.

The alternative to this is that the Knowledge granted by eating the fruit is an illusion and this Tree of Illusionary Knowledge was a test for Adam and Eve. I don't subscribe to this interpretation myself as there is no indication God wanted to test his creation.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(St Q @ Apr 15 2007, 03:39 PM) [snapback]1629643[/snapback]
Would you also say that Truethat answered the question correctly?


Show me her answer

QUOTE
I ask this not just because Berkeley believed in God, but because Adam didn't "perceive" the sun and his own naked body until after being expelled from the Garden of Eden. It's as if God had said: "Here, take these blue pills... and welcome to the illusionary world of matter."

A person who believes in God could say that the sound was perceived in the divine mind of the Creator, and therefore existed in nature.


Or that God is also the sound.

QUOTE
But a person who doesn't believe in such things could say that there is no sound, and depending on their point-of-view, both persons would be right. Right?


God is all possibility, including a universe without God. So Both would be right. There is no fixed state of reference of reality.

brave_new_world
QUOTE(Leonardo @ Apr 15 2007, 05:31 PM) [snapback]1629713[/snapback]
That our ears translate this energy into something we call 'sound' does not mean that 'sound' is not what all other matter experiences when this energy interacts with it. To assume it is only 'sound' because we are conscious of it is rather egocentric.


Can the world be proven to exist outside the mind?
Fenzo
QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 15 2007, 10:04 AM) [snapback]1629727[/snapback]
Can the world be proven to exist outside the mind?


Can I get a dolar for everytime you use the word proven or exist in your reply? :-)
brave_new_world
QUOTE(Fenzo @ Apr 15 2007, 06:53 PM) [snapback]1629762[/snapback]
Can I get a dolar for everytime you use the word proven or exist in your reply? :-)


Yeah. Ill get coke to sponsor you.
St Q
QUOTE(Leonardo @ Apr 15 2007, 03:31 AM) [snapback]1629713[/snapback]
If God is omnipresent then the sound must exist, I would think. Disbelief in God would not necessarily lead to your second assumption however. Sound could be thought of as energy - after all 'sound' is just a word no matter how this word is defined. That our ears translate this energy into something we call 'sound' does not mean that 'sound' is not what all other matter experiences when this energy interacts with it. To assume it is only 'sound' because we are conscious of it is rather egocentric.
Egocentricity, if that's a word, does seem to be the gist of this topic, Dr. Robert Lanza's "biocentric" theory, and Berkeley's thesis for which the question was formulated. Had Berkeley been aware of recording devices in the 16th century, he may have posed the question differently, if he is in fact the true author.

Another interesting point is the definition of sound. Although the definition of sound is a mute point, the one that defines it as a perceived translation of waves was probably added to our dictionaries at some point after the question was written. This subjective definition seems to have perpetuated the complexity and longevity of the riddle, which is pretty cool if you think about it -- an old riddle that takes on new life from new concepts.

QUOTE(Leonardo @ Apr 15 2007, 03:31 AM) [snapback]1629713[/snapback]
Going a bit off-topic here and I hope the OP doesn't mind. Adam perceived his nakedness before being expelled from Eden. Before eating the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil Adam and Eve perceived their nakedness as 'good'. After eating the fruit they perceived their nakedness as 'bad' (they were ashamed and covered themselves). This would seem to imply that it was knowledge itself that exposed the lie of their nakedness (it was 'bad' but they did not recognise that fact) and so Eden was in fact illusory, until knowledge was gained to dispel the illusion. Adam and Eve were evicted because they came to see the lie and had lost their innocence.

The alternative to this is that the Knowledge granted by eating the fruit is an illusion and this Tree of Illusionary Knowledge was a test for Adam and Eve. I don't subscribe to this interpretation myself as there is no indication God wanted to test his creation.
You're right, I stand corrected. Eating of the fruit was more like taking the red pill. Still, I can't help but think that something else happened to alter their perceptions before emerging from the cave.

Something else that we haven't discussed is quantum phyics and superpostioning. Berkeley seems to question reality on a large scale in much the same way that quantum physics questions reality on a small scale. The big difference between the two is that quantum physics only deals with the small and has not been proven to effect large trees. So, yes, the egocentric or biocentric approach may not be valid for large-scale solutions.
St Q
QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 15 2007, 04:03 AM) [snapback]1629726[/snapback]
Show me her answer
Post #12, as follows:
QUOTE(truethat @ Mar 3 2007, 10:54 PM) [snapback]1567042[/snapback]
God heard it! wink2.gif tongue.gif

QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 15 2007, 04:03 AM) [snapback]1629726[/snapback]
Or that God is also the sound.
True

QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 15 2007, 04:03 AM) [snapback]1629726[/snapback]
God is all possibility, including a universe without God. So Both would be right. There is no fixed state of reference of reality.
The fixed state could be the God state. Otherwise, reality is like a dictionary, where all words relate only to other words with no one word or words being the absolute.
hewa
QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 14 2007, 09:46 PM) [snapback]1629365[/snapback]
Define an "average" situation?


Because the only information given states that the object brought into existence, is a tree, then all it is considered is a tree. By being the typical, average tree, it would have the typical, average properties of the tree. And so, because it is an average tree, this limits it from having super-powers or some sort of physical or spiritual anomaly. It is just a tree, no other information is given otherwise.
hewa
Let me clear up a whole lot on reality. First off, the way you live, why you live, it is all made up of what you do. If you think existence is all a series of impulses perceived by the mind as reality, then the truth is, you exist and no one else does. It's obvious that you exist because you are in the process of living.

If the world actually is this way, where you are only learning information that you already know and yet only find it out at the same time, then congratulations, you're God. It really doesn't make a difference, whether this fact is true or not because whether you're the only one who exists or you're not, and something else created you, it's still the same ride, so enjoy it. You can't possibly answer the bogus question of what is existence simply because we have not yet reached the maximum capability of our knowledge.

However, there is an answer to the question if a tree falls in the woods... because of the way it's worded. I have given the answer, please consult one of my previous posts to know it.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(St Q @ Apr 16 2007, 02:50 AM) [snapback]1630242[/snapback]
Post #12, as follows:[indent][/indent]
True

The fixed state could be the God state. Otherwise, reality is like a dictionary, where all words relate only to other words with no one word or words being the absolute.


Pretty cool the things we have to consider going by a very simple statement. Hehehe!
brave_new_world
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 16 2007, 02:55 AM) [snapback]1630250[/snapback]
Because the only information given states that the object brought into existence, is a tree, then all it is considered is a tree. By being the typical, average tree, it would have the typical, average properties of the tree. And so, because it is an average tree, this limits it from having super-powers or some sort of physical or spiritual anomaly. It is just a tree, no other information is given otherwise.


I admit there is a good probability that the tree makes a sound. However I maintain it is an act of faith because no one is there.
knott
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 14 2007, 12:08 PM) [snapback]1628918[/snapback]
No, we call it sound waves. You call french fries french fries, but does that mean they have a French nationality. You need a bit more work on your literacy.



Oh burn! I call French fries, fries.

Practicing pedant are we? - or rather a case of asperger syndrome because your social skills are seriously lacking.

You need a little work in deduction so you may arrive at a suitable conclusion based on the given premise. It was a joke.

We can call sound waves a pressure wave, a mechanical wave, and a longitudinal wave and we can call your condescending attitude and subsequent remark, the hewa wave.
hewa
QUOTE(knott @ Apr 15 2007, 09:46 PM) [snapback]1630803[/snapback]
Oh burn! I call French fries, fries. Practicing pedant are we? - or rather a case of asperger syndrome because your social skills are seriously lacking.

You need a little work in deduction so you may arrive at a suitable conclusion based on the given premise. It was a joke.

We can call sound waves a pressure wave, a mechanical wave, and a longitudinal wave and we can call your condescending attitude and subsequent remark, the hewa wave.


Sorry about that, at the time I was frustrated after complaining in another thread. But just so you know, sound waves can be called pressure, mechanical, and longitudinal but they aren't specific in identifying that this wave is used to create sound, and that's why it is called a sound wave.
knott
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 15 2007, 12:03 PM) [snapback]1630255[/snapback]
I have given the answer, please consult one of my previous posts to know it.


It's already been answered long before you arrived, know that.
knott
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 15 2007, 07:13 PM) [snapback]1630827[/snapback]
Sorry about that, at the time I was frustrated after complaining in another thread. But just so you know, sound waves can be called pressure, mechanical, and longitudinal but they aren't specific in identifying that this wave is used to create sound, and that's why it is called a sound wave.


I'll accept and can appreciate that and I already know. My apologies for reacting harshly.
knott
In a nutshell: There is no sound, only sound waves. Sound is what we perceive.
hewa
QUOTE(knott @ Apr 15 2007, 10:18 PM) [snapback]1630829[/snapback]
It's already been answered long before you arrived, know that.


Really? Can you get me the post? I'm a little lazy.
knott
QUOTE(hewa @ Apr 15 2007, 08:00 PM) [snapback]1630863[/snapback]
Really? Can you get me the post? I'm a little lazy.


I'm just as lazy. They are already discussing definition and perception on page one.
American Chupacabra
QUOTE(cheo_vl @ Mar 2 2007, 11:21 AM) [snapback]1564920[/snapback]
if e tree falls in the woods and there's no one around to hear it, does it make a sound? i'll say what i think, then if you guys dissagree, please explain your theory. i think that if a tree falls in the woods and there's no one around to hear it, id does NOT make a sound. sound is defined as vibrations traveling through air, water, or some other medium, especially those within the range of frequencies that can be perceived by the human ear. the simple answer is that sound is something that can be heard. if no one hears it there is no sound. until someone hears them, those vibrations traveling through the air cannot be called sound. so i think that if a tree falls in the woods and there's no one around to hear it, it emits certain vibration with the potential to become a sound, if there was somebody there to hear it. does anyone have a different point of view?

Sounds believable to me.
knott
QUOTE(cheo_vl @ Mar 3 2007, 09:52 PM) [snapback]1567040[/snapback]
if something is not heard, it is not sound, .


Hehe, nice one A.C.

Aside from the perception we call sound, not all sound is audible. Humans only have a range of about 20hz to 20khz. Ultrasound and infrasound are ranges above and below that of audible sound.
infinitethoughts
QUOTE(cheo_vl @ Mar 2 2007, 09:21 AM) [snapback]1564920[/snapback]
if e tree falls in the woods and there's no one around to hear it, does it make a sound?


My take on the whole Tree falls,etc, is it's an ancient Zen Koan.
What the koan implies is that the mind determines whether the tree falls in the first place.
Marcus
This question is silly to me! Of course it will MAKE a sound, it just won't be anyone around to HEAR it.

nn23
edit: Sarcastic remark about repetitiveness of thread deleted because i felt like a cow.
SeaMare
Thanks god, in a few years time the question will be obsolete, as there won't be any woods left for any trees to fall in...
Fenzo
QUOTE(SeaMare @ Apr 27 2007, 01:02 AM) [snapback]1647964[/snapback]
Thanks god, in a few years time the question will be obsolete, as there won't be any woods left for any trees to fall in...


But the question will always remain :-)
RAZU
If a tree falls in the woods and there is no one around to hear it there is no "sound". In fact there is no "tree", no "woods" and nothing "falls", because it is the human mind that gives meaning to these concepts. The conscious mind gives meaning to the world, remove the observer and you have only darkness.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(RAZU @ Apr 28 2007, 05:30 AM) [snapback]1649286[/snapback]
If a tree falls in the woods and there is no one around to hear it there is no "sound". In fact there is no "tree", no "woods" and nothing "falls", because it is the human mind that gives meaning to these concepts. The conscious mind gives meaning to the world, remove the observer and you have only darkness.


Not even darkness because darkness too is a concept of the human mind. You wouldnt even have nothing because nothing is something and nothing also is a concept of the human mind.
Fenzo
QUOTE
Not even darkness because darkness too is a concept of the human mind. You wouldnt even have nothing because nothing is something and nothing also is a concept of the human mind.


I agree, we can't define those words.. even with nothingness there is something.
But when we use the word [b] nothing [b/] we know what it means, even though it probably isn't right :-)
Affliction
Yes it does, but if there is no one around to hear the sound it is irrelevant so it may as well not have made a sound at all.
Fenzo
QUOTE(Affliction @ Apr 28 2007, 05:48 PM) [snapback]1650156[/snapback]
Yes it does, but if there is no one around to hear the sound it is irrelevant so it may as well not have made a sound at all.


Yes but that also means the tree may as well not exist
Kane S. Latrans
QUOTE(IamsSon @ Mar 2 2007, 01:52 PM) [snapback]1565004[/snapback]
I'm with Leo. Sound is generated whether someone is there to hear it or not. But I think we are also basically arguing about the definition of a word, is the word sound only properly used when referring to those vibrations which actually reach the human ear, or is it proper to use it for any vibrations which have the potential to be perceived by the human ear?


"Animals" don't hear? Is this just inregards to the human animal or any old critter thats in the woods?
Moro
If a tree fell in the woods, and you were not around of course it would make a sound!
Just because someone is not in range to hear it does not mean it fell without a sound.

Since the falling tree must create some sort of atmospheric disturbance, which would then create what is generally termed a "noise", the answer is yes, it would make a sound. No one would be around to hear it, true, but it would make a sound.
How do I know? Physics tells me this must be true.

What if it isn't? Then we're all screwed. Hundreds of years of physics is wrong in some mysterious way that only applies to trees.

Isn't this kind of a stupid question? Yes it is. I hate questions like these that think they're SO new-agey and smart, but turn out to be simple and obvious, like What is the sound of one hand clapping? One hand can't clap, huh.gif so it doesn't make a sound.
brave_new_world
QUOTE(Dragonwick @ Apr 29 2007, 04:38 AM) [snapback]1650481[/snapback]
If a tree fell in the woods, and you were not around of course it would make a sound!
Just because someone is not in range to hear it does not mean it fell without a sound.


If you arnt there to hear it then how can you be sure?? It is an act of faith to believe so.
Moro
QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 28 2007, 08:48 PM) [snapback]1650765[/snapback]
If you arnt there to hear it then how can you be sure?? It is an act of faith to believe so.

Alright, look at it this way! Say someone told you a tree fell in the woods, but you say their is no way
because, I wasn't there to witness it. Then you go and see for yourself that a tree actually did fall.

So are you still going to say the tree that fell in the woods didn't make a sound just becuase you
were not there to witness it?
brave_new_world
QUOTE(Dragonwick @ Apr 29 2007, 08:58 AM) [snapback]1650780[/snapback]
Alright, look at it this way! Say someone told you a tree fell in the woods, but you say their is no way
because, I wasn't there to witness it. Then you go and see for yourself that a tree actually did fall.

So are you still going to say the tree that fell in the woods didn't make a sound just becuase you
were not there to witness it?


Yes because I wasnt there to hear it. Though I may through an act of faith believe it made a sound.
Moro
QUOTE(brave_new_world @ Apr 28 2007, 09:12 PM) [snapback]1650794[/snapback]
Yes because I wasnt there to hear it. Though I may through an act of faith believe it made a sound.

lol, Alright bud... thumbsup.gif
RAZU
The observer and the observed are one.
L815
Has anyone ever looked at a sub system that plays so low, that you don't hear anything; but you see the subwoofer move like crazy! I think it's a good example for this. Just because the human ear might not be able to hear it, doesn't mean it isn't there.


If the tree falls and no one hears it, the tree hitting the ground creates vibrations which are technically sound waves passing through the ground. You can always feel it!
brave_new_world
QUOTE(A51TS4 @ Apr 30 2007, 11:14 PM) [snapback]1652668[/snapback]
Has anyone ever looked at a sub system that plays so low, that you don't hear anything; but you see the subwoofer move like crazy! I think it's a good example for this. Just because the human ear might not be able to hear it, doesn't mean it isn't there.


There has to be an observer present to see the sub system and its vibrations. How would you know it was quite but moving like crazy unless you were there? How can you know the tree has made a noise unless you are there t hear it? If you believe it still makes a sound then it is an act of faith.

QUOTE
If the tree falls and no one hears it, the tree hitting the ground creates vibrations which are technically sound waves passing through the ground. You can always feel it!


How are you gonna know that the vibrations are a from the tree?
L815
That's like telling a patient they're not sick because their body gives no signs of sickness.

If you do not witness something, you may believe it's not true but it doesn't make a true fact a false one. You just misled youself to believe blindly.
mystery-man
The fall of the tree creates sound WAVES. So it makes a sound but there's noone to hear it. Correct me if I'm wrong, this is just one of those strange thoughts but these waves will "hit" an object. The sound will go "into" this object, be in another tree or bush etc and the waves travel and finally someone/thing will hear the echo/wave.


And to the chicken or egg dilemma. I reckon the chicken came first. An experiment went wrong and thus the chicken was created. Ha! tongue.gif

It's like asking: what came first? The woman or the ovary?
crystal sage
QUOTE(A51TS4 @ May 1 2007, 01:14 AM) [snapback]1652668[/snapback]
Has anyone ever looked at a sub system that plays so low, that you don't hear anything; but you see the subwoofer move like crazy! I think it's a good example for this. Just because the human ear might not be able to hear it, doesn't mean it isn't there.
If the tree falls and no one hears it, the tree hitting the ground creates vibrations which are technically sound waves passing through the ground. You can always feel it!



Just like those new ring tones that only kids under 21 can hear!!!!! perfect for class rooms...where mobile phones aren't allowed!!! happy.gif

http://www.jetcityorange.com/MosquitoRingtone.html

As the teachers can't hear them... they aren't there for them!!!... It creates an alternative reality between the under 22's and the more mature groups... ...LOL.. I wonder if there is also a sight level for scenario... reality for under 7's... who are the only ones who can see their 'invisible' play mates???? original.gif
infinitethoughts
QUOTE(Dragonwick @ Apr 28 2007, 05:58 PM) [snapback]1650780[/snapback]
Alright, look at it this way! Say someone told you a tree fell in the woods, but you say their is no way
because, I wasn't there to witness it. Then you go and see for yourself that a tree actually did fall.

So are you still going to say the tree that fell in the woods didn't make a sound just becuase you
were not there to witness it?


This all happens of course, after he heard you telling him a tree fell in the forest.

In his world, unless you told him, that particular tree would not fall, that you witnessed.........as bizarre as this sound.
But consider this same bizarreness is at the base of our world. (Quantum Physics.)
lufia
OMG I THINK I SOLVED IT.

i believe it DOES make a sound. Why? listen y'all

Place a video camera in the forest and let it stream to your laptop. record it. Go to a hotel and wait till the tree falls, it makes a sound via through ur laptop xD, no one was there but IT DID MAKE A SOUND because u heard it on ur laptop and saw it but u weren't there, theres ur proof xD
This is a "lo-fi" version of our main content. To view the full version with more information, formatting and images, please click here.
Invision Power Board © 2001-2008 Invision Power Services, Inc.