??????????????/
What is this cuprizone???
http://www.saanendoah.com/madcowdisease.html
A Case for the Role of Copper Deficiency
in "Mad-Cow" Disease and
Human Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
By
William H. Dresher, Ph.D., P.E.,
Geoffrey Greetham, Ph.D., F.I.M. and Brenda J. Harrison, Ph.D.
http://innovations.copper.org/december01/Mad-Cow.html
It is used in experiments to induce demyelination...
It is involved in Mad Cows disease... which according to some is cause by a copper deficiency in their foods????
http://www.markpurdey.com/science_ecosystems8.htm
"The issue of copper depletion / disruption as a TSE causal prerequisite which was first raised in the academic literature in my paper that reported the data from my 1995 - 1998 analytical studies of the food chains where sporadic TSEs were clustering around the world.
In this paper I combined the knowledge already brought to us by Hornshaw / Brown et al with that of my own environmental data, to hypothesise that the displacement or loss of copper from the prion protein molecule in conjunction with the substitution by a rogue replacement metal - e.g.; manganese or silver, etc - caused the malformed protease resistant form of prion protein to develop ( e.g. the abnormal form that is seen in the brains of TSE victims).
Whilst someone had proposed copper toxicity as a cause for TSE, nobody had proposed copper loss as a prerequisite before, which I found strange since the chemical cuprizone had been repeatedly used by the Compton labs during the 1970s to induce a chemical scrapie in mice ( albeit non-transmissible, since, according to my theory, there was no additional rogue metal microcrystal prerequisite involved in these tests that would have rendered the scrapie transmissible;). I guess that the researchers did not see the possible aetiological relevance of the fact that cuprizone is a copper chelator. This naturally interested me when I started to observe rock bottom levels copper in all of the TSE cluster foodchains I was visiting and sampling around the world ( e.g.; where the TSE affected populations were self sufficient off their local foodchain ), and led to me generating this theory of copper loss from the prion protein.
Brown et al, then tested my hypothesis of high manganese / low copper in cell cultures and got a positive result. He produced the protease resistant prion using my hypothesis - and this elevated my theory several rungs up the ladder of respectability amongst the non political quarters of the purist scientific community. For no research team had ever produced protease resistant prion protein before - as a de novo transformation. This deserved a lot more academic attention than it actually received..."
Full Version: cuprizone
An extract from an email to interested parties on the internet.
I am just about to publish a massive soil /
vegetation / water study that I have carried out across the TSE hotspot regions (
BSE, wasting disease, etc ) in North America over the last two years. Having
looked at 46 different metals, I have pinpointed a clear cut correlation with
the excessive levels of two toxic metals in the soils / vegetation ( and their
radioactive emissions) that I collected from the farm where the BSE cow
was raised and the CWD affected deer farms, etc, in Alberta / Saskatchewan and
the other TSE hotspot zones that I sampled across Colorado / Wisconsin / New
Mexico.
As you suggest, the presence of oil and gas wells were well evident in
virtually all of those areas. I sampled one elk farm on the borders of sakatch /
Alberta that had had forty cases of CWD, before the entire herd was slaughtered.
There was a gas well located in almost every field, and I left the farm with a
sore throat that had been caused by the presence of the fumes there. - NB;
this is probably why TSE CWD emerges in the tonsils of the deer. Its a toxicity,
nothing to do with bloody infectious agents passing from one deer to
another!!!
I have subsequently traced the outbreaks of BSE in Japan ( where I was
studying two weeks ago ) to the Japanese farms which had been importing hay from
North America - being hay that had been grown on land where waste drilling mud had
been spread for disposal purposes ( Farmers are forbidden to graze this land
for one year after the treatment, but, bizarrely, are allowed to sell the hay!).
My samples showed that these toxic elements X are excessively high in
the soil and vegetation ( particularly alfalfa ) of any land which has been
treated with this waste drilling mud.
It's all so obvious what is causing this BSE problem when you get out there
into the real environment and derive some first hand experience of the cluster
areas and look for those common toxic denominators- that's why it is driving me
crazy having to listen to the world's media going on about this
hyperinfectious myth everyday of the week.
I would also like to take this opportunity to correct some disinformation
that has been publicly announced by DEFRA officials whenever the issue of '
government funding of my research' has been raised at public meetings. For
instance, It was publicly stated by Mike Dawson of DEFRA on August 28th at Penrith
that I had been offered funding but I had turned it down. This is completely
untrue. I have never been offered funding by the UK government or anybody from the
UK in fact. My applications for funding to the UK government have only ever
been rejected and then subsequently plagiarized by the 'quango' peer reviewers
who they had appointed. A total tragedy from my personal perspective.
Best,
Mark Purdey
http://www.warmwell.com/2oct14purdey.html
Any way you could do a paragraph summary. Your posts can be interesting but a little long for me to read at work.Thanks.
http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/eh...ctionNumber:3.1
Several processes influence the fate of copper in aquatic
systems. These include complexation to inorganic and organic ligands,
sorption to metal oxides, clays, and particulate organic material,
bioaccumulation and exchange between sediment and water (Stiff, 1971;
Callahan et al., 1979).
Much of the copper discharged to water is in particulate form and
tends to settle out, precipitate out or be adsorbed by organic matter,
hydrous iron, manganese oxides and clay in the sediment or water
column. Equilibrium is normally reached within 24 h. Copper
discharged into a river leading into Chesapeake Bay contained 53 g
Cu/litre, of which 36 g/litre was in the form of settleable solids
(Helz et al., 1975). The concentration of copper 2-3 km downstream
from the outfall had fallen to 7 g/litre. Copper in particulate form
includes precipitates, insoluble organic complexes and copper adsorbed
to clay and other mineral solids (Stiff, 1971).
Owing to unacceptable past practices, Macquarie Harbour on the
west coast of Tasmania, Australia contains dissolved copper levels as
high as 560 g/litre as a result of riverine transport in dissolved
and particulate forms from the Mount Lyell copper mine (Carbon, 1996).
Some 97 106 tonnes of mine tailings and 1.4 106 tonnes of slag
were deposited into the Queen and King river system over a 78-year
period before closure of the mine.
The copper(I) ion is unstable in aqueous solution, tending to
disproportionate to copper(II) and copper metal unless a stabilizing
ligand is present (Callahan et al., 1979). The only cuprous compounds
stable in water are insoluble ones such as the sulfide, cyanide and
fluoride. In its copper(II) state, copper forms coordination
compounds or complexes with both inorganic and organic ligands.
Ammonia and chloride ions are examples of species that form stable
ligands with copper. Copper also forms stable complexes with organic
ligands such as humic acids. In seawater, organic matter is generally
the most important complexing agent. Samples collected from the
surface waters (< 200 m) of the northeast Pacific revealed that over
99.7% of the total dissolved copper was associated with organically
complexed forms. At depths of 1000 m approximately 50-70% of the
copper was in the organically complexed form. Copper complexation
gave rise to very low cupric ion activities in surface waters, around
1 pg Cu2+/litre. The authors reported that two classes of
copper-binding ligands were identified: an extremely strong ligand at
low concentrations dominated in surface waters and a weaker class of
ligand at higher concentrations was found throughout the water column
(Coale & Bruland, 1988).
Tan et al. (1988) collected freshwater river samples from the
Linggi river basin, Malaysia. Samples were separated into colloidal
fractions and soluble fractions. Soluble fractions were classified
according to the lability of the copper forms in the water.
Categories range from very labile (e.g. free metal ion) to nonlabile
(e.g. colloidally bound metal). In this study 18-70% of the dissolved
copper was moderately labile and 13-30% was slowly labile.
Copper in the fresh and estuarine waters of the Cochin estuary,
India, was found to be extensively associated with organic colloidal
matter. The relationship between exchangeable and total particulate
copper did not show a significant correlation during the study,
emphasizing the role of lattice-incorporated copper as distinct from
particulate scavenged/adsorbed exchangeable copper (Shibu et al.,
1990).
A detailed study of the Tamar estuary, United Kingdom, revealed a
decrease in the alpha-coefficient for complexation of Cu2+ by natural
organic ligands (log alpha CuL) from 10.8 to 8.3 with increasing
salinity, demonstrating that major cations compete with copper for the
complexing sites. The free Cu2+ concentrations were very low (16.2
< pCu(II) < 18.2) throughout the estuary even though the total
dissolved copper concentrations were high (up to 300 nmol/litre),
probably because of complexation to dissolved organic complex (Van den
Berg et al., 1990).
Giesy et al. (1986) isolated dissolved organic carbon from nine
surface waters in the southeastern USA and found that the binding of
copper by humate occurs with different strengths at a number of sites,
the binding strength at the sites varying by two orders of magnitude,
dependent on the ratio of copper to total organic ligand.
Organic compounds form complexes with 94-98% of dissolved copper
in the surface waters of the North Sea. In all samples strong
copper-chelating compounds were found at concentrations of 4-10 g
Cu/litre (60-150 nmol/litre). The major inorganic complexes in the
seawater samples were CuCO30 (60%), CuOH+ (16%) and Cu(OH)20
(16%) (Van den Berg, 1984).
Several processes influence the fate of copper in aquatic
systems. These include complexation to inorganic and organic ligands,
sorption to metal oxides, clays, and particulate organic material,
bioaccumulation and exchange between sediment and water (Stiff, 1971;
Callahan et al., 1979).
Much of the copper discharged to water is in particulate form and
tends to settle out, precipitate out or be adsorbed by organic matter,
hydrous iron, manganese oxides and clay in the sediment or water
column. Equilibrium is normally reached within 24 h. Copper
discharged into a river leading into Chesapeake Bay contained 53 g
Cu/litre, of which 36 g/litre was in the form of settleable solids
(Helz et al., 1975). The concentration of copper 2-3 km downstream
from the outfall had fallen to 7 g/litre. Copper in particulate form
includes precipitates, insoluble organic complexes and copper adsorbed
to clay and other mineral solids (Stiff, 1971).
Owing to unacceptable past practices, Macquarie Harbour on the
west coast of Tasmania, Australia contains dissolved copper levels as
high as 560 g/litre as a result of riverine transport in dissolved
and particulate forms from the Mount Lyell copper mine (Carbon, 1996).
Some 97 106 tonnes of mine tailings and 1.4 106 tonnes of slag
were deposited into the Queen and King river system over a 78-year
period before closure of the mine.
The copper(I) ion is unstable in aqueous solution, tending to
disproportionate to copper(II) and copper metal unless a stabilizing
ligand is present (Callahan et al., 1979). The only cuprous compounds
stable in water are insoluble ones such as the sulfide, cyanide and
fluoride. In its copper(II) state, copper forms coordination
compounds or complexes with both inorganic and organic ligands.
Ammonia and chloride ions are examples of species that form stable
ligands with copper. Copper also forms stable complexes with organic
ligands such as humic acids. In seawater, organic matter is generally
the most important complexing agent. Samples collected from the
surface waters (< 200 m) of the northeast Pacific revealed that over
99.7% of the total dissolved copper was associated with organically
complexed forms. At depths of 1000 m approximately 50-70% of the
copper was in the organically complexed form. Copper complexation
gave rise to very low cupric ion activities in surface waters, around
1 pg Cu2+/litre. The authors reported that two classes of
copper-binding ligands were identified: an extremely strong ligand at
low concentrations dominated in surface waters and a weaker class of
ligand at higher concentrations was found throughout the water column
(Coale & Bruland, 1988).
Tan et al. (1988) collected freshwater river samples from the
Linggi river basin, Malaysia. Samples were separated into colloidal
fractions and soluble fractions. Soluble fractions were classified
according to the lability of the copper forms in the water.
Categories range from very labile (e.g. free metal ion) to nonlabile
(e.g. colloidally bound metal). In this study 18-70% of the dissolved
copper was moderately labile and 13-30% was slowly labile.
Copper in the fresh and estuarine waters of the Cochin estuary,
India, was found to be extensively associated with organic colloidal
matter. The relationship between exchangeable and total particulate
copper did not show a significant correlation during the study,
emphasizing the role of lattice-incorporated copper as distinct from
particulate scavenged/adsorbed exchangeable copper (Shibu et al.,
1990).
A detailed study of the Tamar estuary, United Kingdom, revealed a
decrease in the alpha-coefficient for complexation of Cu2+ by natural
organic ligands (log alpha CuL) from 10.8 to 8.3 with increasing
salinity, demonstrating that major cations compete with copper for the
complexing sites. The free Cu2+ concentrations were very low (16.2
< pCu(II) < 18.2) throughout the estuary even though the total
dissolved copper concentrations were high (up to 300 nmol/litre),
probably because of complexation to dissolved organic complex (Van den
Berg et al., 1990).
Giesy et al. (1986) isolated dissolved organic carbon from nine
surface waters in the southeastern USA and found that the binding of
copper by humate occurs with different strengths at a number of sites,
the binding strength at the sites varying by two orders of magnitude,
dependent on the ratio of copper to total organic ligand.
Organic compounds form complexes with 94-98% of dissolved copperin the surface waters of the North Sea. In all samples strong
copper-chelating compounds were found at concentrations of 4-10 g
Cu/litre (60-150 nmol/litre). The major inorganic complexes in the
seawater samples were CuCO30 (60%), CuOH+ (16%) and Cu(OH)20
(16%) (Van den Berg, 1984).
This paper explores the key epidemiological processes and demographic factors that determined the pattern of transmission of the aetiological agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle herds in Great Britain (GB). The analyses presented utilize data from published and unpublished experimental studies and from the GB central database of confirmed BSE cases. We review the experimental and epidemiological evidence that has both confirmed indirect horizontal transmission via the consumption of infectious material as the major transmission route and provided information on the duration and variability of the dose-dependent incubation period of BSE in cattle. The epidemiological and genetic data pertaining to the possible existence of maternal transmission and/or genetically variable susceptibility to infection is discussed. The demography of British cattle is characterized and the impacts of key demographic features on the observed epidemic profile are discussed. In the main BSE case database, analyses reveal that BSE cases cluster significantly at both the holding and county scale. Furthermore, analysis of longitudinal patterns reveal substantial temporal within-holding correlation. Such clustering of cases suggests a highly heterogeneous infection process. The paper ends with a discussion of how analyses of spatio-temporal clustering inform the design of targeted culling programmes aimed at reducing future disease incidence. We show how the retrospective implementation of culling policies on the BSE case database allows the qualitative evaluation of policy performance, but that model predictions of future trends in case incidence are required to estimate the precise impact of any current or future programme.
Since variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has been suspected to be attributable to the infectious agents associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), it is important to prevent the transmission of pathogenic forms of prion protein (PrP(Sc)) through contaminated feeding materials such as meat and bone meal (MBM). Here, we demonstrate that the Maillard reaction employing a formulation of glucose in combination with sodium hydrogen carbonates effectively reduced the infectivity (approximately 5.9-log reduction) of a scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenate. In addition to a bioassay, a protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique, in which PrP(Sc) can be amplified in vitro, was used as a rapid test for assessing PrP(Sc) inactivation. The PMCA analysis also indicated that the PrP(Sc) level in the infected material significantly decreased following the Maillard reaction. Therefore, the Maillard reaction can be employed for the decontamination of large amounts of byproducts such as MBM.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...l=pubmed_docsum
Doesn't it get annoying?
Prion Disease - TSE
Since variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has been suspected to be attributable to the infectious agents associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), it is important to prevent the transmission of pathogenic forms of prion protein (PrP(Sc)) through contaminated feeding materials such as meat and bone meal (MBM). Here, we demonstrate that the Maillard reaction employing a formulation of glucose in combination with sodium hydrogen carbonates effectively reduced the infectivity (approximately 5.9-log reduction) of a scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenate. In addition to a bioassay, a protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique, in which PrP(Sc) can be amplified in vitro, was used as a rapid test for assessing PrP(Sc) inactivation. The PMCA analysis also indicated that the PrP(Sc) level in the infected material significantly decreased following the Maillard reaction. Therefore, the Maillard reaction can be employed for the decontamination of large amounts of byproducts such as MBM.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...l=pubmed_docsum
Doesn't it get annoying?
Prion Disease - TSE
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...l=pubmed_docsum
Doesn't it get annoying?
Prion Disease - TSE
[/quote]
so does it have something to do with copper????
or polluted soils...
a disease that has been created and mutated thru inadequate nutrion leaving a weakness to accomadate this parasitic virus or reactionary deteriation....
Doesn't it get annoying?
Prion Disease - TSE
[/quote]
so does it have something to do with copper????or polluted soils...
a disease that has been created and mutated thru inadequate nutrion leaving a weakness to accomadate this parasitic virus or reactionary deteriation....
QUOTE(ericraven2003 @ Mar 14 2007, 06:54 AM) [snapback]1580964[/snapback]
Any way you could do a paragraph summary. Your posts can be interesting but a little long for me to read at work.Thanks.
it appears that thru a cursory glance thru scientific experiments and research that demyelination is brought on by copper depletion. or incorrect copper and other mineral balances... .. that neglect has brought about polution of an unhealthy form of copper into the environment that causes a copper malnutrition... resulting in neural damage etc... just like the flouride byproduct of manufacturers that they are putting into our water supply 'for our own good'...
http://ccpurewater.org/
http://www.tuberose.com/Fluoride.html
"Fluoridation of our community water systems can well become their most subtle weapon for our sure physical and mental deterioration. ...
You can ignor the following... just a rant...... 
"As a research chemist of established standing, I built within the past 22 years, 3 American chemical plants and licensed 6 of my 53 patents. Based on my years of practical experience in the health-food and chemical field, let me warn: fluoridation of drinking water is criminal insanity, sure national suicide. Don't do it.
"Even in small quantities, sodium fluoride is a deadly poison to which no effective antidote has been found. Every exterminator knows that it is the most efficient rat-killer. ... Sodium fluoride is entirely different from organic calcium-fluoro-phosphate needed by our bodies and provided by nature, in God's great providence and love, to build and strengthen our bones and our teeth. This organic calcium-fluoro-phosphate, derived from proper foods, is an edible organic salt, insoluble in water and assimilable by the human body, whereas the non-organic sodium fluoride used in fluoridating water is instant poison to the body and fully water soluble. The body refuses to assimilate it. "Careful, bonafide laboratory experimentation by conscientious, patriotic research chemists, and actual medical experience, have both revealed that instead of preserving or promoting `dental health,` fluoridated drinking water destroys teeth, before adulthood and after, by the destructive mottling and other pathological conditions it actually causes in them, and also creates many other very grave pathological conditions in the internal organisms of bodies consuming it. How can it be called a "health" plan? What's behind it?
"That any so-called "doctors" would persuade a civilized nation to add voluntarily a deadly poison to its drinking water systems is unbelievable. It is the height of criminal insanity. "No wonder Hitler and Stalin fully believed and agreed from 1939 to 1941 that, quoting from both Lenin's Last Will and Hitler's Mein Kampf:
"America we shall demoralize, divide, and destroy from within."...
"Are our Civil Defense organizations and agencies awake to the perils of water poisoning by fluoridation? Its use has been recorded in other countries. Sodium fluoride water solutions are the cheapest and most effective rat killers known to chemists: colorless, odorless, tasteless; no antidote, no remedy, no hope: Instant and complete extermination of rats...
"Fluoridation of water systems can be slow national suicide, or quick national liquidation. It is criminal insanity--treason!" Dr. E.H. Bronner, Mfg. Research Chemist, Los Angeles.
Earliest available Russian fluoride evidence: "I, Oliver Kenneth Goff, was a member of the Communist Party and the Young Communist League, from May 2, 1936, to October 9, 1939. During this period of time, I operated under the alias of John Keats with number 18-B-2. My testimony before the Government is in Volume 9 of the Un-American Activities Report for 1939.
"While a member of the Communist Party, I attended Communist training schools in New York and Wisconsin ... and we were trained in the revolutionary overthrow of the U.S. Government."... We discussed quite thoroughly the fluoridation of water supplies and how we were using it in Russia as a tranquilizer in the prison camps. The leaders of our school felt that if it could be induced into the American water supply, it would bring about a spirit of lethargy in the nation, where it could keep the general public docile during a steady encroachment of Communism. We also discussed the fact that keeping a store of deadly fluoride near the water reservoir would be advantageous during the time of the revolution, as it would give us opportunity to dump this poison into the water supply and either kill off the populace or threaten them with liquidation, so that they would surrender to obtain fresh water.
Expert Does About-Face on Fluoride
Hardy Limeback, B.S., Ph.D. in biochemistry, D.D.S., and head of the Department of Preventive Dentistry at the University of Toronto and president of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, now opposes the use of fluoride in drinking water or toothpaste.
Asked by The Tribune of Mesa, Ariz., why he had reversed a pro-fluoride position he had embraced for decades, Limeback responded: "It's been building up for a couple of years. But certainly the crowning blow was the realization that we have been dumping contaminated fluoride into our water reservoirs for half a century. The vast majority of all fluoride additives come from Tampa Bay, FL., smokestack scrubbers.
The additives are a toxic byproduct of the super-phosphate fertilizer industry. Tragically, that means we're not just dumping toxic fluoride into our drinking water. We're also exposing innocent, unsuspecting people to deadly elements: lead, arsenic and radium, all of them carcinogenic. Because of the cumulative properties of toxins, the detrimental effects on human health are catastrophic."
A new study at the University of Toronto supports Limeback's argument: "Residents of cities that fluoridate have doubled the fluoride in their hip bones vis--vis the balance of the population. Worse, we discovered that it is actually altering the architecture of human bones." Skeletal fluorosis is a debilitating condition that occurs when fluoride accumulates in the bones, making them extremely weak and brittle.
"Mottled and brittle teeth" are the earliest symptoms, Limeback said. "In Canada we are now spending more money treating dental fluorosis than we do treating cavities. That includes my own practice." "Here in Toronto we have been fluoridating for 36 years," Limeback said. "Yet Vancouver, which has never fluoridated, has a cavity rate lower than Toronto's." Cavity rates are low, he said, across the industrialized world, including Europe, which is 98 percent fluoride-free.
The Tribune pointed out that the Centers for Disease Control ran a puff piece all across America saying the stuff was better than sliced bread. "Unfortunately," Limeback replied, "the CDC is basing its position on data that is 50 years old and questionable at best. Absolutely no one has done research on fluorosilicates, which is the junk they're dumping into the drinking water. On the other hand, the evidence against systemic fluoride intake continues to pour in."
Limeback recently apologized to faculty and students at the University Of Toronto Department Of Dentistry. "I told them I had unintentionally misled my colleagues and my students. For the past 15 years, I had refused to study the toxicology information that is readily available to anyone. Poisoning our children was the furthest thing from my mind."
links of copper deficiency to mad cows....and
http://www.drlwilson.com/articles/copper_t...ty_syndrome.htm
COPPER'S ROLE IN THE BODY
Copper is critical for energy production in the cells. It is also involved in nerve conduction, connective tissue, the cardiovascular system and the immune system. Copper is closely related to estrogen metabolism, and is required for women's fertility and to maintain pregnancy. Copper stimulates production of the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. It is also required for monoamine oxidase, an enzyme related to serotonin production.
It is possible to become copper-toxic or copper-deficient, and there is a condition called biounavailable copper. In the latter, copper is present, but cannot be utilized. Toxicity and biounavailability are seen most often. This article uses the words copper imbalance when more than one situation is possible.
Physical conditions associated with copper imbalance include arthritis, fatigue, adrenal burnout, insomnia, scoliosis, osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, migraine headaches, seizures, fungal and bacterial infections including yeast infection, gum disease, tooth decay, skin and hair problems and female organ conditions including uterine fibroids, endometriosis and others. Mental and emotional disorders related to copper imbalance include spaciness, depression, mood swings, fears, anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, violence, autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit disorder. Copper deficiency is associated with aneurysms, gout, anemia and osteoporosis. Interestingly, the symptoms of premenstrual tension are identical to the symptoms of copper imbalance.
http://www.copper.org/innovations/2000/06/...cine-chest.html
Medical Uses of Copper in Antiquity
The first recorded medical use of copper is found in the Smith Papyrus, one of the oldest books known. The Papyrus is an Egyptian medical text, written between 2600 and 2200 B.C., which records the use of copper to sterilize chest wounds and to sterilize drinking water. Other early reports of copper's medicinal uses are found in the Ebers Papyrus, written around 1500 B.C. The Ebers Papyrus documents medicine practiced in ancient Egypt and in other cultures that flourished many centuries earlier. Copper compounds were recommended for headaches, "trembling of the limbs" (perhaps referring to epilepsy or St. Vitus' Dance), burn wounds, itching and certain growths in the neck, some of which were probably boils. Forms of copper used for the treatment of disease ranged from metallic copper splinters and shavings to various naturally occurring copper salts and oxides. A "green pigment" is spoken of which was probably the mineral, malachite, a form of copper carbonate. It could also have been chrysocolla, a copper silicate, or even copper chloride, which forms on copper exposed to seawater. In the first century A.D., Dioscorides, in his book De Materia Medica, described a method of making another green pigment known as verdigris by exposing metallic copper to the vapors of boiling vinegar. In this process, blue-green copper acetate forms on the copper surface. Verdigris and blue vitriol (copper sulfate) were used, among other things, in remedies for eye ailments such as bloodshot eyes, inflamed or "bleary" eyes, "fat in the eyes" (trachoma?), and cataracts.
COPPER'S ROLE IN THE BODY
Copper is critical for energy production in the cells. It is also involved in nerve conduction, connective tissue, the cardiovascular system and the immune system. Copper is closely related to estrogen metabolism, and is required for women's fertility and to maintain pregnancy. Copper stimulates production of the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. It is also required for monoamine oxidase, an enzyme related to serotonin production.
It is possible to become copper-toxic or copper-deficient, and there is a condition called biounavailable copper. In the latter, copper is present, but cannot be utilized. Toxicity and biounavailability are seen most often. This article uses the words copper imbalance when more than one situation is possible.
Physical conditions associated with copper imbalance include arthritis, fatigue, adrenal burnout, insomnia, scoliosis, osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, migraine headaches, seizures, fungal and bacterial infections including yeast infection, gum disease, tooth decay, skin and hair problems and female organ conditions including uterine fibroids, endometriosis and others. Mental and emotional disorders related to copper imbalance include spaciness, depression, mood swings, fears, anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, violence, autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit disorder. Copper deficiency is associated with aneurysms, gout, anemia and osteoporosis. Interestingly, the symptoms of premenstrual tension are identical to the symptoms of copper imbalance.
http://www.copper.org/innovations/2000/06/...cine-chest.html
Medical Uses of Copper in Antiquity
The first recorded medical use of copper is found in the Smith Papyrus, one of the oldest books known. The Papyrus is an Egyptian medical text, written between 2600 and 2200 B.C., which records the use of copper to sterilize chest wounds and to sterilize drinking water. Other early reports of copper's medicinal uses are found in the Ebers Papyrus, written around 1500 B.C. The Ebers Papyrus documents medicine practiced in ancient Egypt and in other cultures that flourished many centuries earlier. Copper compounds were recommended for headaches, "trembling of the limbs" (perhaps referring to epilepsy or St. Vitus' Dance), burn wounds, itching and certain growths in the neck, some of which were probably boils. Forms of copper used for the treatment of disease ranged from metallic copper splinters and shavings to various naturally occurring copper salts and oxides. A "green pigment" is spoken of which was probably the mineral, malachite, a form of copper carbonate. It could also have been chrysocolla, a copper silicate, or even copper chloride, which forms on copper exposed to seawater. In the first century A.D., Dioscorides, in his book De Materia Medica, described a method of making another green pigment known as verdigris by exposing metallic copper to the vapors of boiling vinegar. In this process, blue-green copper acetate forms on the copper surface. Verdigris and blue vitriol (copper sulfate) were used, among other things, in remedies for eye ailments such as bloodshot eyes, inflamed or "bleary" eyes, "fat in the eyes" (trachoma?), and cataracts.
Copper Circuits Help Brain Function; Could Tweaking the Circuits Make Us Smarter?
Physorg.com, September 26, 2006
The flow of copper in the brain has a previously unrecognized role in cell death, learning and memory, according to research at Washington University School of Medicine.
The researchers' findings suggest that copper and its transporter, a protein called Atp7a, are vital to human thinking. They speculate that variations in the genes coding for Atp7a, as well as other proteins of copper homeostasis, could partially account for differences in thinking among individuals.
http://www.kurzweilai.net/news/frame.html?...le.html?id=5938
http://www.copper.org/innovations/2001/12/mad-cow.html
It is copper deficiency with manganese substitution that affects humans in the BSE variant, vCJD. Mr. Purdey believes that this is caused by low copper content and high manganese content in soil and consequently in food consumed by humans. Excess manganese entered the soil by the use of sewage sludge as a soil additive and of manganese-based pesticides.
Prion Proteins: A New Sort of 'Bug'
... and imbalances of vitamin intakes...resulting in these new Prion diseases????
Interesting to note ... manganese suppliments are encouraged...
Manganese supplements
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. Manganese activates enzyme systems involved in protein and energy metabolism. Manganese is involved in connective tissue and bone formation, insulin action, and cholesterol synthesis. Manganese is vital in the bio-synthesis of collagen as it helps activate key enzymes in the formation of collagen. Manganese is a component of the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Antioxidants such as MnSOD can neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage they cause. Manganese may be found in whole grains, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and tea. The total amount of manganese in the adult human is about 10-20mg, which is concentrated mainly in the liver, skeleton, pancreas, and brain.
http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/dietar...s/manganese.php
so someone like me would read this and think ...Hey !!! brilliant... I'lll take some of these to boost my metabolism.... but what they won't tell you is that you should only take them if you are deficient in this.... as if you take a little too much... more than you need... the body's melatonin production will snap it up first and cause a copper inbalance or defficiency in the body... which leads to unpleasant side effect of prion damages... neuro damage... etc... seeing an excess of manganese over copper is what is indicated in Scrappie... and prion disease TSE ... etc...
http://www.parliament.the-stationery-offic.../388/388m10.htm
Memorandum submitted by the Soil Association (R 10)
SUMMARY
A fundamental change in the basis of human nutrition occurred when synthetic fertilisers and pesticides replaced the natural (organic) mode of crop nutrition.
Despite its importance, there has never been a review of the consequences of this and other aspects of the intensification of agriculture on human health. The emergence of nvCJD is one of many serious developments that need studying (1).
While improvements have occurred, particularly in disease treatment, there has been a general deterioration in health, including increases in: food poisoning, allergies, food intolerances, cancers, infertility, sexual development disorders, respiratory sensitivity, antibiotic resistant bacteria and mental health problems.
Possible links between intensive farming and human health include:
€” pesticides and cancers, infertility, early puberty, degenerative disease, lowered immunity and mental health (4A);
€” agro-chemicals and micro-nutrients, disease resistance and cancer (4A);
€” intensive housing and food poisoning and antibiotic resistant bacteria (4B);
€” concentrate feed and E.coli, cancer, diabetes, and heart disease (4B);
€” OPs and copper/manganese imbalance and BSE/nvCJD (4B);
€” large abattoirs and food poisoning and antibiotic resistant bacteria (4B);
€” low genetic diversity and disease epidemics (4C); and
€” excessive hygiene and asthma, allergies and lowered immunity (4C).
The Soil Association believes that there is a direct link between food production methods and human health, and that this is a major cause of current health problems and the cost of the NHS. If correct, the implications are enormous (5).
For example, if intensive farming practices account for a fifth of the current NHS budget, 12 billion could be saved annually were these practices avoided. This is more than is needed to make all of UK agriculture organic (5).
We therefore urge the Select Committee to propose (7):
€” a programme of research into the health effects of intensive farming;
€” a quantification of the health costs of (i) intensive and (ii) organic farming;
€” "joined-up" agriculture and health policies;
€” a refocus of health and agricultural policies on "health" and not "hygiene"; and
€” investment in organic food and farming.
GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INTO TSES AND INTENSIVE FARMING
1. INTRODUCTION
The Soil Association believes that there is a direct link between the method of food production and health. One of our main aims as an organisation is to create a body of informed opinion on this subject. The emergence of BSE and nvCJD have had dramatic consequences. As well as serious problems for much of British agriculture, major cost to the Exchequer, and its impact on human health, there has now been a critical examination of the Government's management of the subject through the Phillips report. However, for us, nvCJD is just one of a large number of important human health problems that have arisen with the introduction of intensive farming methods and that urgently need studying. We therefore greatly welcome this Committee enquiry into Government research, in particular its wish to look into other aspects of intensive agriculture that may affect health. This paper briefly sets out the issues, our specific comments on TSEs are provided in section 4.11.
A seismic change took place when agriculture moved from traditional farming methods to modern, intensified farming. Over 50 years ago, we unknowingly altered the fundamental basis of our nutrition to one that was and remains an untested alternative. When synthetic fertilisers and pesticides were introduced into agriculture, we replaced the natural mode of crop nutrition with a very different one. That this fundamental change was taking place, however, was not generally realised and as a result the consequences for human health were never publicly identified or examined. Other major changes brought further implications for health.
We believe this work is long over due and wish to draw the Committee's attention to many of the key areas where research should be focussed. As health is important for every individual as well as for society and the economy as a whole, it is essential that all links between food production methods and health are properly understood. For 25 years after our establishment in 1946, the Soil Association undertook research in this area. The scale of the task, however, was beyond our resources, and should rightly fall to government. The following section gives the background to the development of our views and of organic farming as, in our opinion, a safer, healthier alternative. The rest of the paper discusses the various links that we have identified between intensive farming and health.
It is copper deficiency with manganese substitution that affects humans in the BSE variant, vCJD. Mr. Purdey believes that this is caused by low copper content and high manganese content in soil and consequently in food consumed by humans. Excess manganese entered the soil by the use of sewage sludge as a soil additive and of manganese-based pesticides.
Prion Proteins: A New Sort of 'Bug'
... and imbalances of vitamin intakes...resulting in these new Prion diseases????
Interesting to note ... manganese suppliments are encouraged...
Manganese supplements
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. Manganese activates enzyme systems involved in protein and energy metabolism. Manganese is involved in connective tissue and bone formation, insulin action, and cholesterol synthesis. Manganese is vital in the bio-synthesis of collagen as it helps activate key enzymes in the formation of collagen. Manganese is a component of the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Antioxidants such as MnSOD can neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage they cause. Manganese may be found in whole grains, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and tea. The total amount of manganese in the adult human is about 10-20mg, which is concentrated mainly in the liver, skeleton, pancreas, and brain.
http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/dietar...s/manganese.php
so someone like me would read this and think ...Hey !!! brilliant... I'lll take some of these to boost my metabolism.... but what they won't tell you is that you should only take them if you are deficient in this.... as if you take a little too much... more than you need... the body's melatonin production will snap it up first and cause a copper inbalance or defficiency in the body... which leads to unpleasant side effect of prion damages... neuro damage... etc... seeing an excess of manganese over copper is what is indicated in Scrappie... and prion disease TSE ... etc...http://www.parliament.the-stationery-offic.../388/388m10.htm
Memorandum submitted by the Soil Association (R 10)
SUMMARY
A fundamental change in the basis of human nutrition occurred when synthetic fertilisers and pesticides replaced the natural (organic) mode of crop nutrition.
Despite its importance, there has never been a review of the consequences of this and other aspects of the intensification of agriculture on human health. The emergence of nvCJD is one of many serious developments that need studying (1).
While improvements have occurred, particularly in disease treatment, there has been a general deterioration in health, including increases in: food poisoning, allergies, food intolerances, cancers, infertility, sexual development disorders, respiratory sensitivity, antibiotic resistant bacteria and mental health problems.
Possible links between intensive farming and human health include:
€” pesticides and cancers, infertility, early puberty, degenerative disease, lowered immunity and mental health (4A);
€” agro-chemicals and micro-nutrients, disease resistance and cancer (4A);
€” intensive housing and food poisoning and antibiotic resistant bacteria (4B);
€” concentrate feed and E.coli, cancer, diabetes, and heart disease (4B);
€” OPs and copper/manganese imbalance and BSE/nvCJD (4B);
€” large abattoirs and food poisoning and antibiotic resistant bacteria (4B);
€” low genetic diversity and disease epidemics (4C); and
€” excessive hygiene and asthma, allergies and lowered immunity (4C).
The Soil Association believes that there is a direct link between food production methods and human health, and that this is a major cause of current health problems and the cost of the NHS. If correct, the implications are enormous (5).
For example, if intensive farming practices account for a fifth of the current NHS budget, 12 billion could be saved annually were these practices avoided. This is more than is needed to make all of UK agriculture organic (5).
We therefore urge the Select Committee to propose (7):
€” a programme of research into the health effects of intensive farming;
€” a quantification of the health costs of (i) intensive and (ii) organic farming;
€” "joined-up" agriculture and health policies;
€” a refocus of health and agricultural policies on "health" and not "hygiene"; and
€” investment in organic food and farming.
GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INTO TSES AND INTENSIVE FARMING
1. INTRODUCTION
The Soil Association believes that there is a direct link between the method of food production and health. One of our main aims as an organisation is to create a body of informed opinion on this subject. The emergence of BSE and nvCJD have had dramatic consequences. As well as serious problems for much of British agriculture, major cost to the Exchequer, and its impact on human health, there has now been a critical examination of the Government's management of the subject through the Phillips report. However, for us, nvCJD is just one of a large number of important human health problems that have arisen with the introduction of intensive farming methods and that urgently need studying. We therefore greatly welcome this Committee enquiry into Government research, in particular its wish to look into other aspects of intensive agriculture that may affect health. This paper briefly sets out the issues, our specific comments on TSEs are provided in section 4.11.
A seismic change took place when agriculture moved from traditional farming methods to modern, intensified farming. Over 50 years ago, we unknowingly altered the fundamental basis of our nutrition to one that was and remains an untested alternative. When synthetic fertilisers and pesticides were introduced into agriculture, we replaced the natural mode of crop nutrition with a very different one. That this fundamental change was taking place, however, was not generally realised and as a result the consequences for human health were never publicly identified or examined. Other major changes brought further implications for health.
We believe this work is long over due and wish to draw the Committee's attention to many of the key areas where research should be focussed. As health is important for every individual as well as for society and the economy as a whole, it is essential that all links between food production methods and health are properly understood. For 25 years after our establishment in 1946, the Soil Association undertook research in this area. The scale of the task, however, was beyond our resources, and should rightly fall to government. The following section gives the background to the development of our views and of organic farming as, in our opinion, a safer, healthier alternative. The rest of the paper discusses the various links that we have identified between intensive farming and health.
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