Help - Search - Members - Calendar
Full Version: Science vs Pseudoscience
Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums > Science > Science & Technology
Lilly
I've noticed that very often people confuse the difference between that which is Science and that which is Pseudoscience. Just posting descriptions of what the Scientific Method entails doesn't seem to suffice to rectify this confusion in many cases. Just recently I ran across this article by Dr. Rory Coker (Professor of Physics) over on Quackwatch. I'd like to post the headers used by Dr. Coker that can serve to help distinguish between what is Science and what is Pseudoscience.

QUOTE
Pseudoscience displays an indifference to facts.

Pseudoscience "research" is invariably sloppy.

Pseudoscience begins with a hypothesis—usually one which is appealing emotionally,
and spectacularly implausible—and then looks only for items which appear to support it.

Pseudoscience is indifferent to criteria of valid evidence.

Pseudoscience relies heavily on subjective validation.

Pseudoscience depends on arbitrary conventions of human
culture, rather than on unchanging regularities of nature.

Pseudoscience always achieves a reduction to absurdity if pursued far enough.

Pseudoscience always avoids putting its claims to a meaningful test.

Pseudoscience often contradicts itself, even in its own terms.

Pseudoscience deliberately creates mystery where none
exists, by omitting crucial information and important details.

Pseudoscience does not progress.

Pseudoscience attempts to persuade with rhetoric, propaganda, and
misrepresentation rather than valid evidence (which presumably does not exist).

Pseudoscience argues from ignorance, an elementary fallacy.

Pseudoscience argues from alleged exceptions, errors, anomalies, strange events,
and suspect claims—rather than from well-established regularities of nature.

Pseudoscience appeals to false authority, to emotion,
sentiment, or distrust of established fact.

Pseudoscience makes extraordinary claims and advances fantastic
theories that contradict what is known about nature.

Pseudoscientists invent their own vocabulary in which many terms lack
precise or unambiguous definitions, and some have no definition at all.

Pseudoscience appeals to the truth-criteria of scientific
methodology while simultaneously denying their validity.
Pseudoscience claims that the phenomena it studies are "jealous."

Pseudoscientific "explanations" tend to be by scenario.

Pseudoscientists often appeal to the ancient human habit of magical thinking.

Pseudoscience relies heavily on anachronistic thinking.


When we are told that something is valid, that something has been "scientifically proven" I think it's very wise to consider the points being brought up here by Dr. Coker. Sometimes it can be rather difficult to distinguish between what is scientifically supported and that which is really only pseudoscience. In such situations critical thinking is of the upmost importance.
















badeskov
QUOTE(Lilly @ Mar 18 2007, 05:50 AM) [snapback]1587967[/snapback]
I've noticed that very often people confuse the difference between that which is Science and that which is Pseudoscience. Just posting descriptions of what the Scientific Method entails doesn't seem to suffice to rectify this confusion in many cases. Just recently I ran across this article by Dr. Rory Coker (Professor of Physics) over on Quackwatch. I'd like to post the headers used by Dr. Coker that can serve to help distinguish between what is Science and what is Pseudoscience.
When we are told that something is valid, that something has been "scientifically proven" I think it's very wise to consider the points being brought up here by Dr. Coker. Sometimes it can be rather difficult to distinguish between what is scientifically supported and that which is really only pseudoscience. In such situations critical thinking is of the upmost importance.


Lilly, very good post. Unfortunately pseudo science, or pseudo scientific argumentation, is encountered en masse in certain areas here at UM and I have a feeling that it can have one of two reasons (or maybe a combination thereof):

1) No or limited knowledge of how science works. If one does not know how science works and how to read/argue scientific points, it is easy to fall prey to some of the fallacies you listed above. But hopefully one can learn and thus, given time, avoid the trap door.

2) One's system of belief hinges on events or the like that goes against what the scientific world knows as a fact. This is, in my honest opion, by far the worst scenario. The argumenter will most likely in this case paint her/himself into a corner and will not be able to back out again. The question is just whether the argumenter actually realizes that (s)he is cornered. I am afraid that most don't, as it would shatter what they believe in.

Best,
Badeskov
Lilly
Just to add, I think people should realize why it's important to be able to discern pseudoscience from science. Such erosion of critical thought can lead to extremes of thinking that can actually be harmful. Dr. Coker gives a few example of pseudoscience run amok:

QUOTE
Pseudoscience often strikes educated, rational people as too nonsensical and preposterous to be dangerous and as a source of amusement rather than fear. Unfortunately, this is not a wise attitude. Pseudoscience can be extremely dangerous.

Penetrating political systems, it justifies atrocities in the name of racial purity
Penetrating the educational system, it can drive out science and sensibility;
In the field of health, it dooms thousands to unnecessary death or suffering
Penetrating religion, it generates fanaticism, intolerance, and holy war
Penetrating the communications media, it can make it difficult for voters to obtain factual information on important public issues.

RabidCat
However...
It is also true that science can be pseudoscience. I offer the following anecdotes as indications thereof.
Scientists required years to acknowledge that the Wright Bros flew heavier than air craft.
The two stroke engine cannot run.
The helicopter cannot fly, nor can a bumblebee.
In the 1940s, Kettering was told that it was impossible to develop a high compression engine because of gasoline's flash point.
Transistors would never replace vacuum tubes because transistors just couldn't handle either high voltage or high power.
FETs would never go beyond where they were in 1975 because they couldn't handle high power or voltage transients.
20 years ago, I was told that I couldn't approach a theoretical maximum bit error rate in a serial communications setup. The statement was made by a recent graduate student. Since I was the chief engineer of the company, I told him I was going to make the attempt anyway. The final device setup not only did approach theoretical maximum, but attained it, with a 3 wire run of 4000 feet through high energy electrical rooms.
A fellow engineer was having difficulties with noise, also in a large motor environment. The motors were 3 phase pm motors of low rpm and very high torque, with 200v rails delivering up to 250 amps, with the supplies being switched sine drives. The noise spikes generated were immense, and disrupted sensing electronics regularly. The engineer with the problem was the designer of the controller, a MS in electronics. I told him to change the supplies for the electronics from a switched supply to an analog supply. This, of course, was in the face of common knowledge, and the guy argued about the whole thing. I simply said that the two supply types act differently and the normal "laws" don't apply the same way in analysis. After a few unsuccessful weeks of filtering and modifications, a small analog supply magically appeared to handle the logic and sensors, and the noise problems also magically went away.

And the world of science and engineering is filled with such things.
The point is that to simply accept what is accepted and common knowledge and proved can easily be one's undoing. The "laws" of science are constantly in a state of flux, and to close the mind to possibilities is to defeat science itself.
Lilly
QUOTE(RabidCat @ Mar 19 2007, 05:16 PM) [snapback]1589770[/snapback]
And the world of science and engineering is filled with such things.


Indeed, but if something could be demonstrated to actually work then it wouldn't be pseudoscience!


QUOTE
The point is that to simply accept what is accepted and common knowledge and proved can easily be one's undoing.[ The "laws" of science are constantly in a state of flux, and to close the mind to possibilities is to defeat science itself.


I'm not sure the what you mean here. The laws of the Universe don't change, rather our knowledge of how the laws of the Universe actually operate is what changes. Now, scientific theories change all of the time. Theories change because we are constantly finding out more and more. In science nothing is set in stone, but one doesn't decide what to validate based on irrational or magical thinking either. One has to be open to the possibility of everything, but critically analytical of everything as well.

This all reminds me of something my Dad used to say, "It's good to have an open mind, just not so open that your brain falls out".
Bill Hill

I’m a live and let live type of guy, no really happy.gif but the reason I find the vast majority of 'political correct' arguments so laughable is because they’re usually based upon the worse kind of pseudoscience.


reason for edit.. I mean 'no' really not 'not' really- confused meaning. blush.gif
Lilly
QUOTE(billyhill @ Mar 20 2007, 02:47 PM) [snapback]1591329[/snapback]
I’m a live and let live type of guy, not really happy.gif but the reason I find the vast majority of 'political correct' arguments so laughable is because they’re usually based upon the worse kind of pseudoscience.


Personally, I find the term "politically correct" to be an oxymoron of the worst type!
Bill Hill

QUOTE(Lilly @ Mar 20 2007, 06:22 PM) [snapback]1591614[/snapback]
Personally, I find the term "politically correct" to be an oxymoron of the worst type!


laugh.gif nice one. I think Science is the pursuit of the truth.. no matter how unpopular. Science also provides a language we can all share and understand which allows us the freedom to break away from the constrains of each of our respected cultures.
This is a "lo-fi" version of our main content. To view the full version with more information, formatting and images, please click here.
Invision Power Board © 2001-2008 Invision Power Services, Inc.