QUOTE(Gatofeo @ Jun 22 2007, 12:49 PM)

"... How do we explain the MASSIVE gap between the start of the industrial age and say the thousands if not tens of thousands of yrs prior to that? ..."
--- Rebel
How do we explain the beginning of the Industrial Age? It's obvious: machines. Machines did the work of ten, hundreds or thousands of men and women. The steam engine was used on scoop shovels, ships, locomotives, etc. Imagine trying to lift 20 tons with horses or manpower. Yes, it can be done but the steam engine allowed it to be done in a matter of minutes, not days or weeks.
The ability to do things faster --- whether it was lifting heavy objects, moving earth or transporting goods, resources and people --- allowed inventions, food, people and ideas to go from Point A to Point B faster.
One of the most influential inventions was the finely threaded bolt or screw. Think about it. With it, large machinery is possible. Also, if you can make its twist very accurate, you now have a means to make very fine measurements down to 1,000 or 10,000 of an inch.
Such tiny measurements are crucial for the creation of very precise machines that can do very precise things, such as a watch, measuring device, diameter of a piston and so on.
Without the ability to measure very closely, few machines are possible. Or if they are possible, they cannot be produced on a large scale, relatively inexpensively, and are only available to a select few. Thus, their effect upon society is negligible.
The age of massive production didn't begin until the late 1700s, aside from the textile mills of Belgium and England. Textile mills don't require machinery with extremely close tolerances. You don't need to make a rug exactly 1.268 inches thick. If it's 1 inch thick in one place, and 1.3 inches thick in another, no one will really notice when it's on the floor.
Now, where did the machines come from? Getting back to the basis of your question.
Europe had just come out of the dark ages and the Spanish Inquisition. Any invention at that time was seen as suspect, possibly the work of the Devil. Such a belief across society stymied progress for hundreds of years. There was also a great prejudice in Europe, believing that no civilization before it was as advanced.
How were the pyramids, Roman temples and Greek parthenon built, then? By godless heathens and you won't ask that question if you know what's good for you!
That was the attitude of the day. It stymied civilization.
A variety of social changes occurred in Europe that began to make people question their faith and their leaders.
The adoption of gunpowder brought about major social changes. Suddenly, a man didn't require years of practice with sword or bow to become a formidable opponent.
And leaders took note that as they improved their armies by adopting the musket, they realized they better treat those troops a whole lot better or they'd have an armed rebellion in their backyard.
Suddenly, there was an explosion in science. People began to wonder about disease, astronomy, food production, transportation and so on, and sought answers for their questions. Generally, religion lost its hold on people as far as demons and angels being responsible for everything.
The Age of Invention began, resulting in machines to do tasks that were previously impossible or took a great deal of labor.
Aliens didn't land and show us how to make sewing machines, steam engines, sawmills and so on. We did it ourselves --- with courage, foresight and the refusal to remain ignorant and beholding to a manipulative few.
Thanks for that, saved me a great deal of typing

And may I add, very well said

Good thoughts Rebel, although I believe you were refering to Herbert Spencer, who originally applied the phrase in in his Principles of Biology of published in 1864.