i am good believing that if you allow me to say that CHRISTIAN EXTREMISTS BOMBED HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI ??

from what i remember CIVILIANS STILL DIE FROM THAT

how about some famous arab americans?

here's only a few -

Performers

Moustapha Akkad, a Syrian-American film producer
Paul Anka, singer and songwriter (Lebanese)[13]
Jim Avila (half Lebanese), correspondent for ABC News "20/20"
Dick Dale, surf rock guitarist (Lebanese father) [14]
Jenna Dewan (1980 - ), film/TV actress (Step Up)[15]
Shannon Elizabeth (1973 - ), film actress ("American Pie", "Scary Movie")[16]
Omar al-Sharif, film actor, Egyptian/Lebanese/Syrian descent [17]
Hala Gorani, CNN anchor (French Syrian) [18]
Khrystyne Haje
Salma Hayek, actress (Lebanese father), born in Mexico-works in US
Anissa Jones, actress (Syrian grandparents)
Casey Kasem, radio personality and voice actor [19]
Kerri Kasem, TV hostess
Mike Kasem, actor
Catherine Keener, Lebanese ancestry
Khaled Khaled, a.k.a. DJ Khaled, Palestinian ancestry, popular Hip-Hop DJ for Fat Joe's Terror Squad group
Herbert Khaury, aka Tiny Tim (Lebanese father) [20]
Wendie Malick (1950 - ), actress and former fashion model[21]
Kurtis Mantronik (Syrian father), born Kurtis el Khaleel, remixer and producer, founding member of 1980's old school hip hop group Mantronix
Kristy McNichol, co-star on "Empty Nest" [22]
Mika, half-Lebanese
Kathy Najimy, actress of Lebanese descent [23]
George Noory (1950 - ), radio broadcaster, as of 2006, the weekday host of the late-night radio talk show Coast to Coast AM.[24]
Jehane Noujaim[25]
Michael Nouri
Naomi Shihab Nye[26]
Dean Obeidallah [27]
Diane Rehm, public radio host (Egyptian mother)
Tom Shadyac
Shakira, half Lebanese and half Catalan
Tony Shalhoub (1953 - ), three-time Emmy Award-winning television and film actor (Monk)[28]
James Stacy
Vic Tayback, actor, Syrian
Danny Thomas, actor, Lebanese [29]
Marlo Thomas, half Lebanese
Tony Thomas, half Lebanese
Vince Vaughn, Lebanese ancestry
Amy Yasbeck, half Lebanese
David Yazbek, half Arabian
Frank Zappa (part Lebanese father)[30]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arab_Americans



what about those who converted to islam ? Tupac Shakur ?

Michael Jackson - the "King of Pop," one of the century's most popular entertainers, formally joined the Nation of Islam on 17 Dec. 2003
Malcolm X - early leader of American "Black Muslim"/Nation of Islam movement; later a convert to Sunni Islam

Cat Stevens - British rock musician; changed name to Yusuf Islam

John Coltrane - prominent jazz saxophonist and composer
Art Blakey - American Jazz musician

Muhammad Ali - boxer
Matthew Saad Muhammad - world champion boxer (formerly Matt Franklin)
Dwight Muhammad Qawi - world champion boxer (formerly Dwight Braxton)
Eddie Mustapha Muhammad - world champion lightweight boxer (formerly Eddie Gregory)
Mustafa Hamsho - boxer
Akbar Muhammad - boxer
Mike Tyson - boxer
Hamdan Chris Eubank - boxer (super middleweight boxing champion)

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - basketball player

Queen Noor - American-born queen of Jordan during reign of the late King Hussein I

Maryam Jameelah - Jewish American essayist and poet. Formerly Margaret Marcus.

Daniel Moore - Anglo-American poet

Muhammad Marmaduke (William) Pickthall - author and Quran translator

Michael Wolfe - author, journalist (The Hadj: An American's Pilgrimage to Mecca; One Thousand Roads to Mecca: Ten Centuries of Travelers Writing About the Muslim Pilgrimage; ABC Nightline documentary "An American in Mecca")

Aminah Assilmi - Denver area broadcast journalist; now director of the International Union of Muslim Women (former Baptist)

Pamela Taylor - science fiction author; Publications Officer of the Islamic Writers Alliance and co-chair of the Progressive Muslim Union

Jemima Goldsmith - daughter of British billionaire Sir James, who married Imran Khan. Changed name to Haiqa Khan.

http://www.adherents.com/largecom/famconv_islam.html

If the US and USSR joint invasion as was planned in 1946 happend we would have around 2 million soldiers sead from the Allies side, around 4 million Japanse soldiers and around 5-8 million civilians dead. The Japanse were ready to sacrafice all to win the war. COnsidering that Nagasaki and Hiroshima was a no brainer it was a lesser of two evils. The terrorist scum attacked civilians just to show us that they can, they spill the blood of women and children to spread a idealogy of hate. I am not saying that the US has no blame in todays war but we do not kill civilians unless absolutely nessacay they kill if they have an opportunity thats a big difference.

never massacred anyone ? you need to pick up a history book

uuummmmmm your wrong. our military has killed civilians in Iraq and it wasn't necessary.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7nM-uSCvks

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB91aHee1rk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bCskfca9IU

actually you need to study a bit more history. The Japanese were ready to surrender to Russia when we dropped those bombs. so it wasn't necessary. also Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both civilian cities - no military near either.

wasn't the aim to deal the deadliest blow possible so there was no way that war would go on ??? thats what i was though in AMERICAN school by an open minded professor


to end this debate we all know what religion has been the deadliest and there is NO question about that... if we talk about last 5-10 years you say its MUSLIMS because of 9/11
i say its The Eastern Orthodox because of what happened to Chechnya minorities and Bosnian Muslims...
and we would BOTH be right

Actually maybe you do. The Japanese were ready to surrender to the Soviets probably as much as the Nazi's wanted to. Like they were ready to surrender shortly before at Iwo Jima I suppose. And like the Nazi's, Japan also had an atomic program too. And it took more then one to convince them of their folly.

"The city of Nagasaki had been one of the largest sea ports in southern Japan and was of great wartime importance because of its wide-ranging industrial activity, including the production of ordnance, ships, military equipment, and other war materials." "Japanese military officials were unanimously opposed to any negotiations before the use of the atomic bomb."



Correct IMO just as Lt. Ripley's aim is demonize the USA at every avenue possible. Even...now get this...even to hijack positive threads about Muslims. Kind of like getting your ass kicked by yourself huh? Very lame.

I wonder what sort of responses/comments a "2000 ways Christian inventors changed the world"...?

Anyway, without letting this slip to far off topic thanks to the Lt. let me say that there are far more then 20 ways that Muslim inventors changed the world. Something to be proud of if you are looking for that sort of self gratification.

The muslims did have access to the greek and roman literature. If it was not for the muslims translating them to Arabic, this knowledge would have never got to europe and spread around the world.

Muslims in spain contributed towards the spread of this knowledge and the north african muslims. The reneissance was a result of muslim advancememts in science, philosophy, politics, economics etc.

The early success of muslims was largely due to them holding on to the fundamentals of their religion. Unlike other religions which conflict with science, islam does not. In fact it encourages scientific research as it believes its the truth from god, therefore science should prove its credibility.

Good find! love to learn some good history.

It's amazing how anything good is being posted, there's always somebody who can't be settle with all the god and just have to throw in the bad. Funny how they keep forgeting violent people comes from any race, any religion, regardless what's the background is. Ones action do not reflect the whole race, nor religion. why is it? when anything bad is being done by a so called muslim, people ended up judging every Muslims and the religion? Why don't people blame the individuals. no I don't acept because their holy book says so. cause anybody, ANYBODY, can just pick a sentence from any book and say, heh! violent! but have they ever thought what's comes before and after? what story is it? It's the same as walking into a middle of conversation and leaving before knowing what's the end.

no dano you do. the us stepped up the bombing knowing Japan would have surrendered to Russia. American history says one thing. Other countries say otherwise.

It is also not entirely clear that an unconditional Japanese surrender was impossible, especially if Russia had entered the war before the bombing (Russia officially declared war on Japan on August 8, two days after the destruction of Hiroshima).

Some suggest that Truman, fearing a Soviet attempt to dominate the postwar Asian order as it had the Eastern European, ordered the bombing to force Japan's surrender before Russia had the chance to enter the fray (and thus earn the right to affect the peace settlement). Truman may also have wanted to intimidate his potential rival Stalin with the United States' new destructive capability.

Whether the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki constituted a needless tragedy or a prudent military decision will never be certain. Those who made the decision, as well as most of the survivors, are long gone. The effects, though—the lingering scourge of radiation, the memory of the ghastly civilian casualties, the psychological impact of simply knowing that such a destructive force exists—remain. One can only hope that those who now wield the tools of armageddon will remember the lessons of Hiroshima and Nagasaki for a long time to come.

lots of other deeper information out there.

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/hiroshima1.html

demonize ? or is it the truth you can't handle ? sounds more like it. I think you both need to study history a wee bit more.

this was a nice thread until someone decided to blast it. I just gave it back. don't like it ? don't read it.

7. Had the United States allowed the Japanese to keep their emperor the Japanese would have surrendered much earlier, as early as June 1945 when the Japanese offered a conditional surrender through Russian and Italian intermediaries.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Real Reason Truman dropped the Atomic Bomb

"Secretary of State James Byrnes wanted to use the atomic bomb to end the war before 'Moscow could in so much on the kill.' Byrnes did not argue that is was necessary to use the bomb against the cities of the Japan in order to win the war.... Byrnes's...view was that our possessing and demonstrating the bomb would make Russia more manageable." President Truman wanted to end the war before the Russians could enter the war against Japan in Asia. Truman didn't want Russia to play a major role in determining the post-war peace in Asia.

While at the Potsdam meeting, Truman National Security Advisor, James Byrnes advised Truman that a combat display of the weapon might be used to bully Russia into submission, and the the bomb "might well put us in a position to dictate our own terms at the end of the war."

The truth is that President Truman made a conscious and calculated decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan in order to intimidate the Soviet Union and force the Russians to accept American leadership and domination of the post-war world. The larger unanswered question is why President Truman did not tell the American people the truth and instead fabricated a story about saving American lives and the bomb being necessary to force Japan to surrender.

http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/atomic.htm#Real

real history is alot different than you know.

Except, of course, all those people who were living in what would be Israel, when the Jews moved there from Egypt. The Old Testament is full the Jews cutting down the native peoples to clear the land for themselves and for their God. I'm not being anit-Semitic, just about every culture has done something similar.

Also, modern Israel did initiate the 6-day war in 1967 and stomped Egypt and it’s Arab neighbors good.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War



I was in Germany with the US 1st Armored Division at that time and the US rolled into the former Yugoslavia with the UN. A whole division. Don't tell me that the US didn't help anyone there. If the Muslims there were not helped it is likely because of their leadership at that time not asking for it, not due to some false anti-Muslim US policy.

As for 20 Muslim Inventions. Every culture has inventors. I aplaud those Mulsim inventors as much as any western inventor.

I agree here with DieChecker on all counts.

Every religion, culture, civilisation has there hands washed in blood at on point.

Also, unfortunately, we, the bosnians, do forgett that the only real friend we had during the serbian attacks was the USA with Bill Clinton as their leader at that time.
Are we forgetting the role of France and England? They were the ones sideing and aproving with all the serbian attrocities. Not the USA.

But, a country is only as good as their leader. The US now is not the US 10-15 years ago. The Arab world of 1000 years ago is not the same world today. Arabs were back then, as it was asked by the Quran, modern, educated people. Men and Woman. But, with the time male shovinism took over.

The lateBosnian president, Alija Izetbegovic, ones said about Islam and Islamic countries ( compareing them to the West ): Yes, Islam is the best religion, but we ( moslems ) are not. Their streets are cleaner, people live freeley, education is on a high level, scince, health care......you name it. It is a shame that we ( moslems ) are behind since ones we were the leaders in all of it.

Needles to say that this remark was not welcome. But I applaud him for that. Let us all start with selfcritic and we will come a long way.

HERE'S SOME HISTORY

Actually, at the end of World War II many countries were trying to develop nuclear weapons. Physics had developed to a point where it was obvious to everyone that nuclear power could exist. Japan had a "Manhattan Project" very much like ours. So did Nazi Germany. Our program was unique only in that it developed the bomb first. (I learned this from attending lectures at the Memorial Museum in Hiroshima. I also heard it in a talk by Hans Bethe, the guy who worked as head of the Division of Theoretical Physics at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratories while the first nuclear bomb was being manufactured).

Hans Bethe "immigrated" (ie-escaped) to the United States in 1941 after Hitler asked him to design an A-bomb for the Nazis. A few years before he'd won a Nobel Prize for his work on how stars produce energy. When he arrived in America, of course, our government asked him to work on our bomb. Everyone was working on the bomb.

So-- yes, dropping the bomb was EVIL, but the evil wasn't unique to America. Before they dropped the bomb on Hiroshima they dropped messages over the town telling the people to stay indoors, if possible in a basement. They wanted to take out the shipping industry in Hiroshima and thought staying indoors would protect the local citizens if the bomb detonated at a high enough altitude. There was a storm at the base where they were launching the plane "delivering" the bomb, so the flight was delayed several hours. After waiting a while, the citizens of Hiroshima assumed that the bomb warning had been a bluff and went back out on the streets, proceeding with their normal lives. Then the bomb went off.

If you go to Hiroshima you can see these weird, raised shapes on the old concrete. These mark the places where people cast shadows when the bomb went off (the concrete melted a little less where it was protected by human shadows).

All cultures are capable of evil, not just our's.

oooo i will most definitely admit that we have received HELP from USA and UN... i just think that it came a bit to late ....
you know when you country is being invaded and you listening to news on the radio when you hear that your defenseless country is being supported by NO ONE
UK, France and Russia put an weapon embargo on us yet Russian weapons and tanks kept appearing on the Serbian side ???

i also know that PEOPLE wanted to stop this but leaders of most of countries couldn't.... US Congress passed 2 or 3 resolutions trying to lift weapons embargo yet Prez Clinton Vetoed all not wanting to start trouble between usa and Russian, France and England.....

As for anti-Muslim US policy i never heard of such a thing however i have of Russian anti Bosnian policy... And lets Remember i Experienced this First Hand... not on washed up news report or bias article...

Once again i am not saying these countries didnt help all i am saying is that they were Late,,, they watch the killings go on for 3 years... watched Sarajevo Under siege and did nothing... they needed something like Srebrenica Massacre to wake them up...
I guess point i am trying to make is things could have been avoided, things could have been stopped long before so many people died... \

perhaps i have said to much

Europe's always been at war? it never stopped them, Islam is a medieval religion and it still is.





(4) A thousand years before the Wright brothers, a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts.

He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn’t. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries.

In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles’ feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing — concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.

It looks like they got it, wrong they should have named Baghdad international airport after the 6th-century Emperor, Kao Yang



Kites appeared in the Western world just 400 years ago. But Chinese kite flying is 2500 years old. The Chinese made every kind of kite long before Marco Polo came. They made communication kites, propaganda leaflet kites, whistling kites, Buddhist contemplation object kites. We even find aerodynamic theories for kites. Sooner or later, this had to result in manned kites.

But how it did! The first recorded human flight comes down from the terrible reign of the 6th-century Emperor, Kao Yang. During an early purge, Yang used an aerodynamic experiment to kill his enemies. He fitted them with bamboo mat wings and threw them off a tower to see if they could fly. None could, but they gave their Emperor a nice day's entertainment.

And he was fascinated. Maybe he'd have better luck flying them to earth in kites controlled from the ground. He put his next round of victims in large kites and let their relatives handle the cables. One prisoner, Yuan Huang-T'ou, got safely to earth. So his sentence was commuted to death by starvation. The unhappy Yuan might well have been the first human to fly.

By the 13th century, the Taoist monks had made man-carrying kites into a common technology. Marco Polo told about a bizarre practice among Chinese sailors preparing to leave port. They would, in his words, find "a fool or a drunk." They'd tie him into a kite and launch him from the ship. If he flew straight up, it was a good omen for the voyage. If he failed to rise, no merchant would load his wares onto that boat.

Like it or not, Muslims also invented hacking heads off while filming it to distribute to television stations and the internet.

Gotta keep an eye on this thread for future reference to some friends.
Although I'm positive they're already aware.

I think that was the original intent behind the post. As we've seen here numerous times from some people's "constructive" comments, too many people who know little or nothing about Islam think that since its beginning its only been violent and destructive. This was (and for the most part, is) not the case. I don't believe the post was intended as bragging in any way, just general knowledge for our enjoyment and (I hope, if not the original author) evidence against some of the widespread ignorance about Islam.

*
This one really is clutching at straws, and i doubt if he was a practising muslim. sounds like a real dodgy character, plagiarising other's work.



Early life
Dean Mahomet grew up in India and served in the Bengal army of the British East India Company as a He became attached to the army at the early age of 10, and was taken under the wing of Captain Godfrey Evan Baker, an Irish Anglo-Protestant officer. Mahomet remained with Captain Baker's unit until 1782, when the Captain resigned in disgrace.


In 1786 he emigrated to Cork, Ireland. This led him to publish his travel book, The Travels of Dean Mahomet in 1794. The book describes several important cities in India, and describes a series of military conflicts with local Indian principalities. Mahomet's tone in the book is supportive of the East India Company's military conquests in India.
According to Michael Fischer, several passages from the book are plagiarized from other travel narratives written in the late 18th century.


Restaurant venture
Moving to London, Dean Mahomet opened the first Indian take away restaurant in England: the Hindoostanee Coffee House in George Street, central London. However, this venture was unsuccessful.


"Dr Brighton"
In 1814 he moved with his Irish wife, Jane, to Brighton. The couple opened the first shampooing vapour masseur bath in England, on the site now occupied by the Queen's Hotel. He described the treatment in a local paper as 'The Indian Medicated Vapour Bath (type of Turkish bath), a cure to many diseases and giving full relief when every thing fails; particularly Rheumatic and paralytic, gout, stiff joints, old sprains, lame less, aches and pains in the joints'.

This business was an immediate success and Dean Mahomet became known as "Dr Brighton". Hospitals referred patients to him and he was appointed as shampooing surgeon to both King George IV

Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the origin is currently attributed to him

In the 5th century B.C., Chinese scholars had discovered that light travels in straight lines. The philosopher Mo Ti recorded the formation of an inverted image with a pinhole. Aristotle wrote about pinhole images in the 4th century B.C. In his famous books are references to pinhole observations.


It looks the validity of this link of yours is suspect.

Many countries lay claim to the invention of chess. It is presently thought that the game originated in India,[3] The first reference to chess in literature appears in India about 500 BC in Brahmajala sutta in Digha

Around 1200 rules started to be modified in southern Europe, and around 1475, several major changes rendered the game essentially as we know it today


*Do you see a paten starting to emerge here?

how ironic!!!!!

834 A.D. (The Crank Is Recognized). The crank as we know it today is a twice-bent lever or "crankshaft" used as a means of converting reciprocating motion into continuous rotary action. It was, however, unknown to the Romans, and remained unknown until around 834 A.D. when a picture of it appeared in the Utrecht Psalter, a graphic codex assembled near Reims in the Frankish kingdom under the Carolingian kings (Charlemagne was the greatest of these kings). The picture in the Psalter shows a grindstone wheel being turned by a hand crank, a familiar-enough sight today, but almost a "1st" in 834 A.D. It appears that while the Chinese of the Han Dynasty, contemporaries of the Romans, knew of the cranking device, it was reinvented in the Western world by a Frank. The 2nd known use of the crank in the West was with the hurdy-gurdy (originally a stringed musical instrument that was handcranked). In the history of machine design, the simple crank is 2nd in importance only to the wheel.



* when i saw this post i knew i could debunk the claim of first flight, but this is a bit much, basically it's a load of BS

There's no muslim inventions here? he says quilting isn't a muslim invention, so why is it in this list? i'm not going to check anymore unless you want me to

Yes its unfortunate that by the 13th century Islam became dominated by an insular establishment that not only closed most of the univerisites within Islam but also banned any further academic research. I quote:

"Gradually the open and vigorous spirit of enquiry and individual judgment (ijtihād) that characterized the golden age gave way to a more insular, unquestioning acceptance (taqlīd) of the traditional corpus of authoritative knowledge. By the thirteenth century, according to Aziz Talbani, the 'ulama' (religious scholars) had become "self-appointed interpreters and guardians of religious knowledge.… learning was confined to the transmission of traditions and dogma, and [was] hostile to research and scientific inquiry" (p. 70). The mentality of taqlīd reigned supreme in all matters, and religious scholars condemned all other forms of inquiry and research. Exemplifying the taqlīd mentality, Burhän al-Din al-Zarnüji wrote during the thirteenth century, "Stick to ancient things while avoiding new things" and "Beware of becoming engrossed in those disputes which come about after one has cut loose from the ancient authorities" (pp. 28, 58). Much of what was written after the thirteenth century lacked originality, and it consisted mostly of commentaries on existing canonical works without adding any substantive new ideas. The lethal combination of taqlīd and foreign invasion beginning in the thirteenth century served to dim Islam's preeminence in both the artistic and scientific worlds."

http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2133/Islam.html

QUOTE

actually you need to study a bit more history. The Japanese were ready to surrender to Russia when we dropped those bombs. so it wasn't necessary. also Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both civilian cities - no military near either.

You did not want to address my response to the above post with anything but continued dribble to prove nothing? You were proven wrong then ignore it and make more irrelevant posts in a pseudo attempt to carry on by side stepping the original argument above.

http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum...amp;pid=1743485

QUOTE

no dano you do.

Frankly I do not care if you believe me but I aced my last college history course actually. Also, my Dad was in the Pacific in WWII (Navy). Where was your Dad?

QUOTE

the us stepped up the bombing knowing Japan would have surrendered to Russia.

What does this have to do with the original argument besides trying to boost your own irrelevant conjecture or posts? A natural, progressive elevation in tactics and the fight was continuos throughout the war.

QUOTE

American history says one thing. Other countries say otherwise.

Again, what does this have to do with the original argument besides trying to boost your own conjecture? I did not quote an American History book.

QUOTE

It is also not entirely clear that an unconditional Japanese surrender was impossible, especially if Russia had entered the war before the bombing (Russia officially declared war on Japan on August 8, two days after the destruction of Hiroshima).

Some suggest that Truman, fearing a Soviet attempt to dominate the postwar Asian order as it had the Eastern European, ordered the bombing to force Japan's surrender before Russia had the chance to enter the fray (and thus earn the right to affect the peace settlement). Truman may also have wanted to intimidate his potential rival Stalin with the United States' new destructive capability.

Whether the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki constituted a needless tragedy or a prudent military decision will never be certain. Those who made the decision, as well as most of the survivors, are long gone. The effects, though—the lingering scourge of radiation, the memory of the ghastly civilian casualties, the psychological impact of simply knowing that such a destructive force exists—remain. One can only hope that those who now wield the tools of armageddon will remember the lessons of Hiroshima and Nagasaki for a long time to come.

lots of other deeper information out there.

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/hiroshima1.html

You forget part of the somewhat lame article in your post;

"In her entire history, Japan had never been invaded or defeated. Even after the destruction of Hiroshima, she refused to capitulate."

IMO- The Emporer's decision for Imperial Japan to unconditionally surrender, Truman's decision to drop atomics and nearly every very important decision is made because of more then one reason. The reasons are many and varied. I am sure the plus/minus list was propably quite extensive for dropping atomic munitions. Something many here fail to see including yourself by stating it is because of one specific reason. But you are in apparent good company though with quotes from an esteemed Ph.D.

"real reason for dropping the bomb".
http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/atomic.htm#Real

No less then 6 times does he repeat this piece of academic trash.
"real reason" lol As far as I am concerned that individual does not deserve his Ph.D.

QUOTE

demonize ?

Yes demonize. You continually start threads and make posts that contain every negative aspect of the USA you can muster. If it contains any negative aspect of the USA you sure seem to love posting it. So yes that is demonizing. Don't believe me? Check the copious threads you start. They often go unreplyed to with one star too. lol Your posting/thread starting/hijacking history is filled with it. So yes...demonizing is a very suitable term. Try to deny if you want... I could use a good laugh.

I do appreciate addressing problems everywhere though. Balancing that out globally is better then dwelling or obsessing on one aspect, country or culture IMO. Feel free to continue though. I am just saying how I feel and how you come across.

QUOTE

or is it the truth you can't handle ?

I can handle anything you want to throw out my friend. I have been combating BS online since the glory days of IRC in the early 90's and I am quite able and equipped to debate or discuss anything and everything that comes my way. I do enjoy a good debate. (aced that too)

QUOTE

I think you both need to study history a wee bit more.

More of the same. Repetitive slights on individual's intelligence are the mainstay of many hate filled people with lackluster or poor debate skills.

QUOTE

don't like it ? don't read it.

More of the same broken record.

QUOTE

this was a nice thread

I agree, the idea behind it is positive and perhaps needed.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=i...G=Google+Search
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_inventions
http://www.google.com/search?num=100&h...amp;btnG=Search

revisionist history at its best I congratulate you.

It's amazing how the good intentions of the TS for starting this thread is tainted by hate mongers *shakes head*

Yes. Unfortunately this becomes a rule when Islam is in question. Empress started a very good topic which was killed by the modern and tolerant ones.

Where would the modern medicine be without Avicena??

Some of the inventions we've mentioned here occurred before the birth of Mohammed. So technically, they're the invention of Northern African culture rather than "Muslim" culture. I'm not saying that Islam hasn't contributed a lot of technology, philosophy and beauty to our world. Just that, when we refer to inventions that occurred two thousand years ago, the inventors weren't "Muslim".

Here's a good one:
Muslim mathematicians invented the decimal point. It was introduced by a man named Al-Kashi at the beginning of the 15th century. His book was called Key to Arithmetic.

[edit] History
There follows a chronological list of recorded decimal writers.


[edit] Decimal writers
c. 3500 - 2500 BC Elamites of Iran possibly used early forms of decimal system. [2] [3]
c. 2900 BC Egyptian hieroglyphs show counting in powers of 10 (1 million + 400,000 goats, etc.) – see Ifrah, below
c. 2600 BC Indus Valley Civilization, earliest known physical use of decimal fractions in ancient weight system: 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2. See Ancient Indus Valley weights and measures
c. 1400 BC Chinese writers show familiarity with the concept: for example, 547 is written 'Five hundred plus four decades plus seven of days' in some manuscripts
c. 1200 BC In ancient India, the Vedic text Yajur-Veda states the powers of 10, up to 1055
c. 400 BC Pingala – develops the binary number system for Sanskrit prosody, with a clear mapping to the base-10 decimal system
c. 250 BC Archimedes writes the Sand Reckoner, which takes decimal calculation up to
c. 100–200 The Satkhandagama written in India – earliest use of decimal logarithms
c. 476–550 Aryabhata – uses an alphabetic cipher system for numbers that used zero
c. 598–670 Brahmagupta – explains the Hindu-Arabic numerals (modern number system) which uses decimal integers, negative integers, and zero
c. 780–850 Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī – first to expound on algorism outside India
c. 920–980 Abu'l Hasan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Al-Uqlidisi – earliest known direct mathematical treatment of decimal fractions.
c. 1300–1500 The Kerala School in South India – decimal floating point numbers
1548/49–1620 Simon Stevin – author of De Thiende ('the tenth')
1561–1613 Bartholemaeus Pitiscus – (possibly) decimal point notation.
1550–1617 John Napier – use of decimal logarithms as a computational tool
1925 Louis Charles Karpinski – classic book The History of Arithmetic (Rand McNally & Company)
1959 Werner Buchholz Fingers or Fists? (The Choice of Decimal or Binary representation) (Communications of the ACM, Vol. 2 #12, pp3-11)
1974 Hermann Schmid Decimal Computation (ISBN 047176180X)
2000 Georges Ifrah The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer (ISBN 0-471-39340-1).

Great thread. Islam has a rich history to which many are unaware. They would rather demonize and dehumanize. It's easier to war on them then.

Thats a very good point

Does anyone know for a fact if Muslims were the first to use 0 in their numeral system? I'm pretty sure I read they did in my History of the Middle East class, but I couldn't find much about it online.

I found this while searching.

"The brilliant work of the Indian mathematicians was transmitted to the Islamic and Arabic mathematicians further west. It came at an early stage for al-Khwarizmi wrote Al'Khwarizmi on the Hindu Art of Reckoning which describes the Indian place-value system of numerals based on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0. This work was the first in what is now Iraq to use zero as a place holder in positional base notation."

But in the previous paragraph. It also said this.

"Perhaps we should note at this point that there was another civilisation which developed a place-value number system with a zero. This was the Maya people who lived in central America, occupying the area which today is southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize. This was an old civilisation but flourished particularly between 250 and 900. We know that by 665 they used a place-value number system to base 20 with a symbol for zero. However their use of zero goes back further than this and was in use before they introduced the place-valued number system. This is a remarkable achievement but sadly did not influence other peoples."


I also found this on Wikiepdia (I know, not a good source, but you can check further on the work cited part at the bottom from the books used for the information on this page).

Thanks for the info. I've never been one of the "wikipedia sucks" people, I think it's a legitimate source. Of the sources I've checked, I've never had anything wrong come up.

An important aspect of the Middle East is that it was the center of trade routes between Europe and Asia. Not just Istanbul, either, but Damascus and Muslim controlled Egypt. Inventions they made themselves or adopted from other cultures were more able to move from east to west or vice versa. I've always felt that this was even more important than the ideas and gadgets they made themselves. I think if the Byzantine Empire (who were less tolerant of other empires and their ideas) had held onto the Middle East, the spread of a lot of ideas and inventions would have been slowed, maybe even by centuries.

Zero was invented independently of Europe-Africa-Asia by the Mayans.

Damn I always thought is was the Australians!

i see most of you are still going on about who killed who etc. leave that rubbish out and stick to the topic.

As for those of you who keep going on about early chinese, greek and other ancient civlisations discovering things before muslims. i have one thing to say. Who do you think translated their work and then made advancements on those theories. MUSLIMS OF COURSE.

Muslims had most of their literature and translated books from the greeks indians, chinese etc in Baghdad and Spain. The latter brought it to the attention of europe and european kings , queens, princes etc via spain, europeans royal families used to got to spain to study under muslims. Why? coz the europeans we not aware of this knowledge until the muslims translated them to arabic, and then taught people in europe and iraq.

Some of you will say that muslims conquered those lands and stole the knowledge, yes there might have been a few cases of this, but in the main those lands converted to islam through peace. for example, Indonesia has the largest muslim population in the world and not a single muslims military personnel stepped on this land. Only merchants.

Again, the chinese made a lot of early advancements, what you dont understand is the muslims translated their works and advance further on them. You only know about them now, because of the muslims.

The number Zero was invented by the muslims, and can be proved.

But i tell you this, those of you who keep cuting and pasting sh** from other sites without knowing what you are really doing or reading etc. If you want i can anwser each one of your rebuttals and shut you up for ever. Just tell me when you want me to do so. unlike most of you i have a life so i cant spend to much time on here, but if it means answering your rubbish rebutals and claims, thats no prob.

Sorry for the quick messages, im in a rush

Surely whether someone was Christian, Muslim, Pagan, Confusician, Shinto or whatever is wholly irrelevant?

Stop pushing the childish religion agenda and stick to the real world

So, for example, the symbol zero was introduced by Arabs. The Arabs also gave us the names of many of the stars. They made many great advancements when much of Europe was in the 'Dark Ages'. But I couldn't give a t*ss what silly religious cult they belonged to. It's wholly irrelevant.

Ok start with something simple, " The Crankshaft" or Crank, this is what i found, what say you.
834 A.D. (The Crank Is Recognized). The crank as we know it today is a twice-bent lever or "crankshaft" used as a means of converting reciprocating motion into continuous rotary action. It was, however, unknown to the Romans, and remained unknown until around 834 A.D. when a picture of it appeared in the Utrecht Psalter, a graphic codex assembled near Reims in the Frankish kingdom under the Carolingian kings (Charlemagne was the greatest of these kings). The picture in the Psalter shows a grindstone wheel being turned by a hand crank, a familiar-enough sight today, but almost a "1st" in 834 A.D. It appears that while the Chinese of the Han Dynasty, contemporaries of the Romans, knew of the cranking device, it was reinvented in the Western world by a Frank. The 2nd known use of the crank in the West was with the hurdy-gurdy (originally a stringed musical instrument that was handcranked). In the history of machine design, the simple crank is 2nd in importance only to the wheel.

A brief history of Islam:
605: The Holy Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the Kaaba.
610: The first revelation in the cave at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet is commissioned as the Messenger of God.
613: Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting the general public to Islam.
614: Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.
615: Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia.
616: Second Hijrah to Abysinnia.
617: Social boycott of the Hashimites and the Holy Prophet by the Quraish. The Hashimites are shut up in a glen outside Makkah.
619: Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Hadrat Khadija. Year of sorrow.
620: Journey to Taif. Ascension to the heavens.
621: First pledge at Aqaba.
622: Second pledge at Aqaba. The Holy Prophet and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib.
623: Nakhla expedition.
624: Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Madina.
625: Battle of Uhud. Massacre of 70 Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Madina. Second expedition of Badr.
626: Expedition of Banu Mustaliq.
627: Battle of the Trench. Expulsion of Banu Quraiza Jews.
628: Truce of Hudaibiya. Expedition to Khyber. The Holy Prophet addresses letters to various heads of states.
629: The Holy Prophet performs the pilgrimage at Makkah. Expedition to Muta (Romans).
630: Conquest of Makkah. Battles of Hunsin, Auras, and Taif.
631: Expedition to Tabuk. Year of Deputations.
632: Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah.
632: Death of the Holy Prophet. Election of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition to Syria. Battles of Zu Qissa and Abraq. Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against Bani Tamim and Musailima, the Liar.
633: Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battles of Kazima, Mazar, Walaja, Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and Firaz.
634: Battles of Basra, Damascus and Ajnadin. Death of Hadrat Abu Bakr. Hadrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph. Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia.
635: Battle of Bridge. Battle of Buwaib. Conquest of Damascus. Battle of Fahl.
636: Battle of Yermuk. Battle of Qadsiyia. Conquest of Madain.
637: Conquest of Syria. Fall of Jerusalem. Battle of Jalula.
638: Conquest of Jazirah.
639: Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance into Egypt.
640: Capture of the post of Caesaria in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon in Egypt.
641: Battle of Nihawand. Conquest Of Alexandria in Egypt.
642: Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest of Egypt. Foundation of Fustat.
643: Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Russia).
644: Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat Othman becomes the Caliph.
645: Campaigns in Fats.
646: Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain and Asia Minor.
647: Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cypress.
648: Campaigns against the Byzantines.
651: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
652: Discontentment and disaffection against the rule of Hadrat Othman.
656: Martyrdom of Hadrat Othman. Hadrat Ali becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel.
657: Hadrat Ali shifts the capital from Madina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin. Arbitration proceedings at Daumaut ul Jandal.
658: Battle of Nahrawan.
659: Conquest of Egypt by Mu'awiyah.
660: Hadrat Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Mu'awiyah. Mu'awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.
661: Martyrdom of Hadrat Ali. Accession of Hadrat Hasan and his abdication. Mu'awiyah becomes the sole Caliph.
662: Khawarij revolts.
666: Raid of Sicily.
670: Advance in North Africa. Uqba b Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul.
672: Capture of the island of Rhodes. Campaigns in Khurasan.
674: The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara becomes a vassal state.
677: Occupation of Sarnarkand and Tirmiz. Siege of Constantinople.
680: Death of Muawiyah. Accession of Yazid. Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hadrat Hussain.
682: In North Africa Uqba b Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa.
683: Death of Yazid. Accession of Mu'awiyah II.
684: Abdullah b Zubair declares himself aS the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahat.
685: Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada.
686: Mukhtar declares himself as the Caliph at Kufa.
687: Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abdullah b Zubair. Mukhtar killed.
691: Battle of Deir ul Jaliq. Kufa falls to Abdul Malik.
692: The fall of Makkah. Death of Abdullah b Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.
695: Khawarij revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The' Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.

700: Campaigns against the Berbers in North Africa.
702: Ashath's rebellion in Iraq, battle of Deir ul Jamira.
705: Death of Abdul Malik. Accession of Walid I as Caliph.
711: Conquest of Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
712: The Muslims advance in Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
713: Conquest of Multan.
715: Death of Walid I. Accession of Sulaiman.
716: Invasion of Constantinople.
717: Death of Sulaiman. Accession of Umar b Abdul Aziz.
720: Death of Umar b Abdul Aziz. Accession of Yazid II.
724: Death of Yazid II. Accession of Hisham.
725: The Muslims occupy Nimes in France.
732: The battle of Tours in France.
737: The Muslims meet reverse at Avignon in France.
740: Shia revolt under Zaid b Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa. Battle of the Nobles.
741: Battle of Bagdoura in North Africa.
742: The Muslim rule restored in Qiarowan.
743: Death of Hisham. Accession of Walid II. Shia revolt in Khurasan under Yahya b Zaid.
744: Deposition of Walid I1. Accession of Yazid II1 and his death. Accession of Ibrahim and his overthrow. Battle of Ain al Jurr. Accession of Marwan II.
745: Kufa and Mosul occupied by the Khawarjites.
746: Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.
747: Revolt of Abu Muslim in Khurasan.
748: Battle of Rayy.
749: Battles of lsfahan and Nihawand. Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa.
750: Battle of Zab. Fall of Damascus. End of the Umayyads.
751: Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.
754: Death of As Saffah. Accession of Mansur as the Caliph.
755: Revolt of Abdullah b Ali. MUrder of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan.
756: Abdul Rahman founds the Umayyad state in Spain.
762: Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim.
763: Foundation of Baghdad. Defeat of the Abbasids in Spain.
767: Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan.
772: Battle of Janbi in North Africa. Rustamid. state set up in Morocco.
775: Death or the Abbasid Caliph Mansur, Accession of Mahdi.
777: Battle of Saragossa in Spain.
785: Death of the Caliph Mahdi. Accession of Hadi.
786: Death of Hadi. Accession of Harun ur Rashid.
788: Idrisid state set up in the Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham.
792: Invasion of South France.
796: Death of Hisham in Spain; accession of al Hakam.
799: Suppression of the revolt of the Khazars. Ninth century.
800: The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa.
803: Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki.
805: Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.
809: Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession of Amin.
814: Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph.
815: Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.
816: Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica.
817: Harsama killed.
818: The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia.
819: Mamun comes to Baghdad.
820: Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.
822: Death of Al Hakam in Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.
823: Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir.
827: Mamun declares the Mutazila creed as the state religion.
833: Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim.
836: Mutasim shifts the capital to Samarra.
837: Revolt of the Jats.
838: Revolt of Babek in Azarbaijan suppressed.
839: Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.
842: Death of Mutasim, accession of Wasiq.
843: Revolts of the Arabs.
847: Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil.
850: Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.
849: Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah b Tahir; accession of Tahir II.
852: Death of Abdur Rahman II of Spain;. accession of Muhammad I.
856: Umar b Abdul Aziz founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.
858: Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.
860: Ahmad founds the Samanid rule in Transoxiana.
861: Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir.
862: Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of Mutasin.
864: Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hasan b Zaid.
866: Mutasim flies from Samarra, his depostion and accession of Mutaaz.
867: Yaqub b Layth founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.
868: Ahmad b Tulun founds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
869: The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.
870: Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of Mutamid.
873: Tahirid rule extinguished.
874: Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.
877: Death of Yaqubb Layth in Sistan, accession of Amr b Layth.
885: Death of Ahmad b Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.
866: Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the Habbari ruler of Sind.
888: Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah.
891: The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.
892: Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail.
894: The Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.
896: Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.
897: Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.
898: Qarmatians sack Basra.
902: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; death of the Saffarid ruler Amr.
903: Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir.
905: Abdullah b Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
907: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of Muqtadir.
908: End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.
909: Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa.
912: Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.
913: Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.
928: Mardawij b Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.
929: Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur Rahman III declares himself as the Caliph.
931: Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.
932: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir.
934: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah ; accession of Al Qaim.
935: Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah b Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula.
936: By coup Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir ul Umara.
938: By another coup power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam.
940: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi.
941: Assassination of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.
942: Ibn Raiq recaptures power.
943: Al Baeidi captures power. The Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad. Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh.
944: Muttaqi is blinded and deposed, accession of Mustakafi.
945: Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Mustakafi.
946: Death of the Fatimid Caliph A1 Qaim. accession of Mansur. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Muhammad b Tughj, accession of Abul' Qasim Ungur.
951: The Qarnaatiana restore the Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba.
954: Death of the Sasanid ruler Nuh, accession of Abdul Malik.
961: Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids. Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali.
965: Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.
967: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula.
968: Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris.
969: The Fatimids conquer Egypt.
972: Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
973: Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin.
974: Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph Al Muttih; accession of At Taii.
975: Death of the Turk General Subuktgin. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz.
976: The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II.
978: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by the Buwayhids.
979: Subkutgin becomes the Amir of Ghazni.
981: End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain.
982: Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula.
984: Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.
986: The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.
989: Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.
991: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph At Taii, accession of Al Qadir.
996: Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.
997: Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.
998: Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of Ghazni.
999: End of the Samanids.
1001: Mahmud Ghazanavi defeats the Hindu Shahis.
1004: Mahmud captures Bhatiya.
1005: Mahmud captures Multan and Ghur.
1008: Mahmud defeats the Rajput confederacy.
1010: Abdication of Hisham II in Spain. accession of Muhammad.
1011: In Spain Muhammad is overthrown by Sulaiman.
1012: In Spain power is captured by Bani Hamud. Death of the Buwayhid Baha ud Daula, accession of Sultan ud Daula.
1016: Death of the Zirrid ruler Nasir ud Daula Badis; accession of Al Muizz.
1018: In Spain power is captured by Abdul Rahman IV.
1019: Conquest of the Punjab by Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1020: The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.
1024: In Spain assassination of Abdul Rahman IV, accession of Mustafi.
1025: Death of the Buwayhid Mushgraf ud Daula, accession of Jalal ud Daula.
1029: In Spain death of Mustaft, accession of Hisham III.
1030: Death of Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1031: In Spain deposition of Hisharn III, and end of the Umayyad rule. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir, accession of Al Qaim.
1036: Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Zahir, accession of Mustansir. Tughril Beg is crowned as the king of the Seljuks.
1040: Battle of Dandanqan, the Seljuks defeat the Ghazanavids. Deposition of Masud the Ghazanavid Sultan, accession of Muhammad. Al Moravids come to power in North Africa.
1041: The Ghazanavid Sultan Muhammad is overthrown by Maudud.
1044: Death of the Buwayhid Jalal ud Daula, accession of Abu Kalijar.
1046: Basasiri captures power in Baghdad.
1047: The Zirids in North Africa repudiate allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the Abbasids.
1048: Death of the Buwayhid Abu Kalijar, accession of Malik ur Rahim.
1050: Yusuf b Tashfin comes to power .in the Maghrib.
1055: Tughril Beg overthrows the Buwayhids.
1057: Basasiri recaptures power in Baghdad, deposes Al Qaim and offers allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph.
1059: Tughril Beg recaptures power in Baghdad, al Qaim is restored as the Caliph.
1060: Ibrahim becomes the Sultan of Ghazni. Yusuf b Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The Zirids abandon their capital Ashir and establish their capital at Bougie.
1062: Death of the Zirid ruler Al Muizz, accession of Tamin.
1063: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan.
1071: Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine emperor taken captive by the Seljuks.
1073: Death of Alp Arsalan, accession of Malik Shah.
1077: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qaim, accession of Al Muqtadi.
1082: The A1 Moravids conquer Algeria.
1086: Battle of Zallakha. The Al Moravids defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk Sultan Sulaiman, accession of Kilij Arsalan.
1091: The Normans conquer the island of Sicily; end of the Muslim rule.
1092: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah, accession of Mahmud.
1094: Death of Mahmud; accession of Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Muqtadi, accession of Mustahzir.
1095: The first crusade.
1099: The crusaders capture Jerusalem.
1101: Death or the Fatimid Caliph Al Mustaali, accession of Al Aamir.
1105: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Barkiaruk, accession Of Muhammad.
1106: Death of the Al Motavid Yusuf b Tashfin.
1107: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Kilij Arsalan, succession of Malik Shah.
1108: Death of the Zirid ruler Tamin, accession of Yahya.
1116: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah. accession of Rukn ud Din Masud.
1118: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad; accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustahzir, accession of Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture Saragossa.
1121: Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Aamir, accession of Al Hafiz.
1127: Imad ud Din Zangi establishes the Zangi rule In Mosul.
1128: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Qutb ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz.
1130: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud II; accession of Tughril Beg II.
1134: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg II, accession of Masud.
1135: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Al Rashid, accession of Al Muktafi.
1144: Imad ud Din Zangi captures Edessa from the Christians, second crusade.
1146: Death of Imad ud Din Zangi, accession of Nur ud Din Zangi.
1147: In the Maghrib Al Moravids overthrown by the Al Mohads under Abul Mumin.
1148: End of the Zirid rule' in North Africa.
1149: Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Hafiz, accession of Al Zafar.
1152: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Masud, accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa.
1153: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah I1, accession of Muhammad II.
1154: Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Zafar, accession of Al Faiz.
1156: Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Rukn ud Din Masid, accession of Arsalan II.
1159: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad II, accession of Gulaiman.
1160: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Mukta, accession of Al Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Faiz, accession of Al Azzid.
1161: Death of the Seljuk Sulaiman, accession of Arsalan Shah.
1163: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abul Mumin, accession of Abu Yaqub Yusuf.
1170: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustanjid, accession of Al Mustazii.
1171: Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Azzid. End of the Fatimids. Salah ud Din founds the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt.
1172: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Arsalan, accession of Sultan Shah.
1173: The Khawarzam Shah Sultan Shah is overthrown by Tukush Shah.
1174: Salah ud Din annexes Syria.
1175: The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
1176: Death of the Seljuk Sultan Arsalan Shah, accession of Tughril Beg III.
1179: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Mustazaii, accession of Al Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri captures Peshawar.
1185: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf, accession of Abu Yusuf Yaqub.
1186: The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
1187: Salah ud Din wrests Jerusalem from the Christians, third crusade.
1191: Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.
1193: Death of Salah ud Din; accession of Al Aziz. Second battleof Tarain.
1194: Occupation of Delhi by the Muslims. End of the Seljuk rule.
1199: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub; accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the Ghurids.
1202: Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.
1204: Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.
1206: Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.
1210: Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram Shah in India.
1211: End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown by Iltutmish.
1212: Battle of Al Uqab in Spain, end of the Al Mohad rule in Spain. The Al Mohads suffer defeat by the Christians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The Al Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over title of Al Mustansir.
1214: In North Africa death of the Al Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco.
1216: The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The Al Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeat the Al Mobads at the battle of Nakur.
1217: The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco.
1218: Death of the Ayyubid ruler Al Adil, accession of Al Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their leader Othman and occupy Fez.
1220: Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni.
1222: Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.
1223: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf Al Mustansir, accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco.. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his independence and assumes the title of Al Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows Al Adil. Al Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid.
1224: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil.
1225: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir.
1227: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of his son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim.
1229: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Mustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid Al Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. Al Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat.
1230: End of the Khawarzam Shah rule.
1232: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Idris, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession of his son Ar-Rashid.
1234: Death of the Ayyubid ruler Al Kamil, accession of Al Adil.
1236: Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish. Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah.
1237: Accession of Razia Sultana as Delhi Sultan.
1240: Death of Ar-Rashid; accession of his son Abu Said.
1241: Death of Razia Sultana, accession of Bahram Shah.
1242: Death of Bahram Shah, accession of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the Al Mohad rules Abdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustansir, accession of Mustasim.
1243: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of
1244: The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.
1245: The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.
1246: Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah.
1248: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abul Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.
1250: The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a greatar part thereof.
1258: The Mongols sack Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad, end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraw his Contingent from Baghdad.
1259: Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of Al Mustamir.
1260: Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.
1262: Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order in the IndoPakistan sub-continent.
1265: Death of Halaku. Death of Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.
1266: Death of Berek Khan the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade. The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade.
1267: Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of Abu Dabbas.
1269: Abu Dabbas is overthrown by the Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the Al Mohads in Morocco, the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.
1270: Death of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in M ali.
1272: Death of Muhammad I the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle
1273: Death of Jalaluddin Rumi.
1274: Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.
1277: Death of Baybars.
1280: Battle of Hims.
1283: Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Othman.
1285: Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.
1286: Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.
1290: End of the slave dynasty Jalaluddin Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and by 1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.
1291: Saadi.
1296: Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam.
1299: Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.
1301: In Bengal, Death of Ruknuddin the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz.
1302: In Granada, Death of Muhammad II; succession of Muhammad III.
1304: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria, Death of Othman, succession of his son Abu Zayan Muhammad.
1305: In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin Khilji conquers Rajputana.
1306: In the Chughills empire, Death of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk.
1307: In the Marinids empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit
1308: In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of Abu Zayan Muhammad, succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.
1309: In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III overthrown by his uncle Abul Juyush Nasr.
1310: In the Chughills empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids empire, Abu Rabeah Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Othman. In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin conquers Deccan.
1312: In Tunisia, In Tunis Abul Baqa is overthrown by Al Lihiani.
1313: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg.
1314: In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir. Rainchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail.
1315: In Tunisia, War between Bougie and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie and Tunis.
1316: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu, succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis empire, Death of Alauddin, accession of Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert.
1318: In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession of Qutbuddin Mubarak. In the Chughills empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak.
1320: In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan a Hindu convert. Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of Khiljis. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs empire, Ghazi Malik founds the rule of the Tughluq dynasty.
1321: In the Chughills empire, Death of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava Temur.
1322: In the Chughills empire, Dava Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In Bengal, Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts. Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon, Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at Lakhnauti.
1324: In Bengal, Shahabuddin dies and is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin.
1325: In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad Tughluq. In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son Muhammad IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession of Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and himself become's the ruler of United Bengal.
1326: In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Othman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and makes it his capital.
1327: In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicaea.
1329: In the Tughluqs empire, Muhammad Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.
1330: In the Chughills empire, Death of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain establishes the rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr overthrows Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal, Muhammad b Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur to the throne of Sonargeon.
1331: In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Said Othman, sucession of Abul Hasan. In Bengal, Annexation of Bengal by the Tughluqs.
1335: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Changshahi, accession of Burun.
1336: In the Mongols II Khans empire, Arpa defeated and killed, succeeded by Musa. Birth of Amir Temur. In the Jalayar empire, Death of Amir Hussain, succession of Hasan Buzurg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Sonargeon assassinated by armour bearer who captured power and declared his independence assuming the name of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah.
1337: In the Mongols II Khans empire, The rule of Musa over