I looked through the first 5 pages of posts and didn't see this in there:

Archaeological sensation in Oestfold
Norwegian arhaeologists are puzzled by a find which indicates an Inca Indian died and was buried in the Oestfold city of Sarpsborg 1000 years ago. The remains of two elderly men and a baby were discovered during work in a garden, and one of the skulls indicates that the man was an Inca Indian - There is a genetic flaw in the neck, which is believed to be limited to the Incas in Peru, says arahaeologist Mona Beate Buckholm. The Norway Post suggests that maybe the Vikings travelled even more widely than hitherto believed? Why could not the Viking settlers in New Foundland have strayed further down the coast on one of their fishing trips? Meanwhile, more digging will be made in Sarpsborg, in an attempt to try to find an answer to the puzzle, NRK reports.
(NRK)
Rolleiv Solholm

The Source

This is pretty incredible, if you ask me =)

Wow, that's very interesting!

Well, I don't think it would be absolutely impossible.

Hmm... I think I need a lot more information before I credit this.
I'm hesitant to use one single defect in an individual skeleton to conclude his ethnicity, especially if it's genetic.
What else was found in the tomb to suggest a South American origin?

--Jaylemurph

Fascinating find, it will be interesting to see if the hypothesis stands up to scrutiny...

They only need a tooth to extract DNA, isn't there good evidence to suggest stoneage Europeans visited America? besides tools (some attributed to france) DNA test show European blood added to the mix 17,000 years ago?

The similarities between the 'Soultrean Culture' of Europe and the 'Red Paint People' of Labrador is pretty amazing and the fact that they date about 15,000 to 17,000 years ago.


Lapiche

Yes, I agree.

The coolest thing about this is it will stop the debate of whether the Vikings actually kept exploring past the NE coast of America. The problem is, as you can see from the source, this is just the beginning of the research. I will see about finding more information if there is any out there yet. It will be fascinating to see what comes out of this.

Edit:
You know, I just had a thought. When is the earliest we know of the Bearded Man from the West story? Which south american culture talks about a tall white man with a beard came to them, taught them what they know, etc. Could that have been the vikings? What do you think? Or are the time periods off?

'America B.C.' and 'Saga America' by Dr. Barry Fell makes some good points on how far the Vikings and the Phonecians (using Celto-Iberian sailors) really traveled. I'll have to do some re-reading.

Lapiche

it could be possible that the incan traveled up north. the incans were very mobile people

The French points you refer to are Soultrean. They are deemed to be similar to the Clovis points found in the Americas. No actual Soultrean points have ever been found anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.


This is obsolete information today. The mtDNA haplogroup you're talking about was a decade ago thought to have been found solely in Europe. There is a tiny fraction of a single tribe of Native Americans that possesses this "X" haplogroup DNA.

More recently, there have been found two distict populations in Asia that also possess this haplogroup DNA.

Doesn't mean that what's called the "Soultrean Hypothesis" isn't true, it just means that the Siberian-Alaskan land bridge theory (which is the way the Americas are known to have been populated by at least the majority of natives) can just as easily explain the "X" mtDNA haplogroup being found in the Americas.


I suggest you read something other than Barry Fell's pseudohistory. The man was a marine biologist and had no training whatsoever in any ancient language forms (or modern, as far as can be seen.) Yet he saw Ogham script everywhere he looked in America. He founded the Epigraphic Society, yes, but the Society today disavows all of Fell's so-called "work" in that field.

Note:

I wanted to break in here to say that this method - translating without even seeing the "glyphs," was done often by Fell. He once translated as Ogham some marks described to him over the telephone - and translated them during the telephone conversation.

I suggest you take a look at Ogham script. It's only a series of straight lines, in most cases, and many, many things can make straight line scratches on surfaces - things ranging from glaciers to bears to natives that are counting their ponies.

Now to continue with the quote:
(My emphasis)
Source: Hunter looks for pseudoscience - and finds it.

Fell, to put it politely, is not a source at all in any way, shape or form for finding out about ancient Americans. That's simply the truth. I know a lot of people don't want to hear it, but that's their problem, not mine.

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Paleoamerican Origins

Recent discoveries in New World archaeology along with new scientific methods for analyzing data have led to new ideas regarding the origin of the first peoples of the Americas and their time of arrival.

The traditional theory held that the first Americans crossed the land bridge from Siberia to Alaska around 11,500 years ago and followed an "ice-free corridor" between two large Canadian ice sheets (the Laurentide and Cordilleran) to reach unglaciated lands to the south. These first inhabitants, whose archaeological sites are scattered across North and South America, were called the Clovis people, named after the town in New Mexico where their fluted spear points used for hunting mammoth were first found in 1932.

There is now convincing evidence of human habitation sites that date earlier than the Clovis culture including sites located in South America. Monte Verde, a well-studied site located along a river near southern central Chile, dates 12,500 years ago. This site contains the buried remnants of dwellings, stone tools including large bifacial projectile points, and preserved medicinal and edible plants. How did people manage to settle this far south at such an early date? A coastal migration route is now gaining more acceptance, rather than the older view of small bands moving on foot across the middle of the land bridge between Siberia and Alaska and into the continents. Emerging evidence suggests that people with boats moved along the Pacific coast into Alaska and northwestern Canada and eventually south to Peru and Chile by 12,500 years ago—and perhaps much earlier. Archaeological evidence in Australia, Melanesia, and Japan indicate boats were in use as far back as 25,000 to 40,000 years ago. Sea routes would have provided abundant food resources and easier and faster movement than land routes. Many coastal areas were unglaciated at this time, providing opportunities for landfall along the way. Several early sites along the coast of Canada, California, Peru, Ecuador, and Chile date between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago. Many potential coastal sites are now submerged, making investigation difficult.

If the Clovis people were not here first, then who was? Clovis points are found in many sites in North and Central America with a significant early cluster in the southeastern United States. Points similar to Clovis but without fluting and dating more than 12,000 years ago have been found in stratified archaeological sites in the eastern United States, such the Cactus Hill, Virginia. These finds have occurred because archaeologists are no longer halting their digging at the bottom of the Clovis level.

So far scientists have found no technological affinities to relate Clovis to the Asian Paleolithic. However, Europe may have possible lithic precursors to Clovis. The Solutrean culture of western Europe, dating between 24,000 and 16,500 years ago, shows a similar lithic technology to that used to produce Clovis tools. The two cultures also share bone-shaping techniques, pebble-decorating artistry, the unusual tradition of burying stone tools in caches filled with red ocher, and other traits.

In addition to archaeological research on ancient human sites, ancient skeletal remains show a range of physical attributes suggesting separate migrations of different populations of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) from Asia. The handful of human skeletons dated over 8,000 years ago show some regional variation, but as a group their skulls differ markedly from the broad faces, prominent cheekbones, and round cranial vaults that characterize modern–day American Indians. These ancient specimens have long and narrow cranial vaults with short and relatively gracile faces. Two examples are the 9,400-year-old Spirit Cave Man from Nevada and the most recently discovered 8.900-year-old Kennewick Man found in Washington State in 1996. Physical anthropologists see a greater similarity in these crania to certain Old World populations such as Polynesians, Europeans, and the Ainu of Japan. Only one early specimen, Wizards Beach Man, a Nevada skeleton dated to 9,200 years ago, falls within the range of variability of contemporary American Indians, an exception that requires further scientific validation. Crania with American Indian morphology appears by at least 7,000 years ago.

The similarity of the ancient crania to Polynesians suggests that one early source of migrants to the Americas was Asian circumpacific populations. These populations were succeeded in Asia by the recent expansion of modern Mongoloids (i.e., Koreans, Japanese, Chinese, etc.), and in America by the ancestors of recent Native Americans. Whether individual skeletons or specific early groups were directly related to later peoples is unknown. Early migrants may have been replaced through competition or changed through gene flow by later arrivals. At this time, scientists are not ruling out the possibility of a migration from Europe.

Evidence for diverse migrations into the New World also comes from Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) research on living American Indian populations. These studies have consistently shown similarities between American Indians and recent populations in Asia and Siberia, but also unique American characteristics, which the very early crania have also shown. Evidence for only four mtDNA lineages, characterizing over 95 percent of all modern American Indian populations, may suggest a limited number of founding groups migrating from Asia into the New World. Recently, however, a fifth mtDNA lineage named "X" has turned up in living American Indians and in prehistoric remains for which there does not appear to be an Asian origin. The first variant of X was found in Europeans and may have originated in Eurasia. Naturally, generations of conflict, intermarriage, disease, and famine would influence the genetic makeup of modern Native Americans. Further work with mtDNA, nuclear DNA (which is more representative of the entire genome), and Y-chromosome data, the male-transmitted complement of mtDNA, will permit better estimates of the genetic similarities between Old and New World groups and help to determine when they would have shared a common ancestor.

Studies of the native languages of the Americas have shown them to be extremely diverse, representing nearly two hundred distinct families, some consisting of a single isolated language. Further research is expected to reduce this number, but the degree of diversity is thought to have required tens of millennia to develop through a combination of immigration into the New World and diversification through the accumulation of normal linguistic changes through time. Claims that these languages descend from only three (or even fewer) separate linguistic stocks at a time depth of only a dozen millennia are regarded by most specialists as extremely unlikely. Newer proposals have explored deep structural affinities among American Indian languages with circum-Pacific Old World languages. Unraveling the linguistic history of the New World poses a highly complex set of problems that will be under investigation for years to come.

In summary, scientists are examining archaeological, biological, and linguistic evidence to determine who the first Americans were, when they arrived in the New World, and what happened subsequently. New discoveries in one field of study can cause reinterpretations of evidence not only from the same field but also from other fields. There is no doubt that future discoveries and analyses, unbound from the Clovis limit, will shed more light on a changing picture of New World prehistory.

For more on Pre-Clovis Archaeological sites, here's a link:

http://www.preclovis.com/.

That site concerns itself primarily with preclovis sites in Texas. But at the bottom of the page are links to sites concerning other areas in America.

Harte

It is the Aztecs of Mexico. They say their God Quetzalcoatle, the feathered serpent/dragon can transform into a bearded white man. The mormons claim it was Jesus. The viking idea has some good points though. Some of the Aztec art shows the human form coming out of the dragons mouth. Perhaps the Aztecs saw a viking coming out of a viking dragon ship, and being superstistious, though the ship was a living animal that disgorged the God.

A feathered snake is not a dragon.


lapiche mi hu'nee

Wrong again, as usual. Many anthropologists define Quetzalcoatl as a kind of "dragon". You will see that if you google the words together in various scholarly sources. This is probably becasue Quetzalcoatl is not a mere snake, but a god with magical properties. In fact, the original source of the word Dragon, is Drakon, and while some of them had wings and other limbs, many were simply large snakes, but conected with the gods. Feathered serpent gods extended into North America and very probably have connections to the very dragon-like Piasa of Illinois and various incarnations of the thunderbirds which often appear more reptilian than avian, such as the so-called "Anasazi Black Dragon". Flying reptilian creatures that brought rain is a universal human belief, and contradicts the notion that these "dragons" were merely a composite of the predators they feared the most. On the contrary, humans all over the world worshipped them for it was believed they brought life-giving rain, as well as great wisdom.

List your sources and those anthropologists. The computer and websites don't count. I want references. Especially since the term "Anasazi" is no longer acceptable in anthropology and ethno-history circles and hasn't been for quite some time.


Lapiche wi'imokes

It's from his book, natch...


--Jaylemurph

Which lists it's references as "Google".....


Lapiche

You've read his book?!

--Jaylemurph

Just the jacket flap. You already know from his posts it's gonna be redundant..........


Lapiche

Very interesting, and it supports my theory that vikings were in contact with the latin american people, probably for trading etc. Ancient legends from south america speak of blonde, blue eyed men with beards, that they considered gods.

And in Peru there were found a valley of people with blond hair and blue eyes speaking an ancient maya language, so they must have been there quite a while, and themselves claims they are descendents of the vikings.

Its no doubt vikings were most over the world, as their remains are found everywhere in all parts of the world in some of the most remote places. So, its just to assume that now and then people went back with them to their own homeland - maybe they had a trading route between scandinavia, africa and south america as mummies in egypt has been found with cocaine and tobacco traces which only are found in south america naturally.

Adam and Steve ...


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