[Archived]Oera Linda Book and the Great Flood

[The Puzzler]

The OLB 'kroder' or wheelbarrow carrying time around the Yule wheel has been created by someone who knew of the Chi-Rho sign with its alpha and omega, and changed the loop of the -P- (of Pax Christi) very creatively into a wheelbarrow.

Creatively, yes: look at the animation of the Little Dipper.

The OLB Kroder doesn't have a wheelbarrow on it.

-------------

Here's something interesting:

Although modern representations of the Chi-Rho sign represent the two lines crossing at ninety degree angles, the early examples of the Chi-Rho cross at an angle that is more vividly representative of the chi formed by the solar ecliptic path and the celestial equator. This image is most familiar in Plato's Timaeus,[10] where it is explained that the two bands which form the "world soul" (anima mundi) cross each other like the letter chi.[11] Not only did the two legs of the chi remind early Christians of the Cross, "it reminded them of the mystery of the pre-existent Christ, the Logos Theou, the Word of God, who extended himself through all things in order to establish peace and harmony in the universe," in Robert Grigg's words.[12] Hugo Rahner summarized the significance:

The two great circles of the heavens, the equator and the ecliptic, which, by intersecting each other form a sort of recumbent chi and about which the whole dome of the starry heavens swings in a wondrous rhythm, became for the Christian eye a heavenly cross.[13] Of Plato's image in Timaeus, Justin Martyr, the Christian apologist writing in the second century, found a prefiguration of the Cross,[14] and an early testimony may be the phrase in Didache, "sign of extension in heaven" (sēmeion ekpetaseōsen ouranō).[15]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Rho

From Plato:

And thus the whole mixture out of which he cut these portions was all exhausted by him. This entire compound divided lengthways into two parts, which he joined to one another at the centre like the letter X, and bent them into a circular form, connecting them with themselves and each other at the point opposite to their original meeting-point; and, comprehending them in a uniform revolution upon the same axis, he made the one the outer and the other the inner circle." (Timaeus,

----------------

PS: I get kroder is wheelbarrow pusher or such in Dutch - the carrier of time is the wheelbarrow, yes, as the wheelbarrow goes around it creates time.

--------------

This is the 3 daughters of Waralden Olmai, who really should probably correspond with Frya, Lyda and Finda.

Finno-Ugric triads In the mythology of the Sámi, a triad of goddesses are responsible for childbirth and protecting children. Sáhráhkka, who lives in the fireplace, is responsible for pregnancy and the particular protector of girls. Juksáhkká, who lives in the area of the back doors, is responsible for turning some children into boys while they are in the womb (there was a belief that all children are female at the outset). Uksáhkká guards the main doors, and is responsible for protecting all young children. See: Sami mythology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_deity

Sahr,(lives in the fireplace - Lyda, strong heat?) Juks and Uks should be their names without the ahkka (which means female spirit).

Absolutely no resemblance from what I can tell, but still - they would be the equal.

-----------------

Nordic Norns:

20. Thence come the maidens

mighty in wisdom,

Three from the dwelling

down 'neath the tree;

Urth is one named,

Verthandi the next,--

On the wood they scored,--

and Skuld the third.

Laws they made there,

and life allotted

To the sons of men,

and set their fates

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norns

Edited December 19, 2011 by The Puzzler

[Knul]

The OLB Kroder doesn't have a wheelbarrow on it.

-------------

Here's something interesting:

Although modern representations of the Chi-Rho sign represent the two lines crossing at ninety degree angles, the early examples of the Chi-Rho cross at an angle that is more vividly representative of the chi formed by the solar ecliptic path and the celestial equator. This image is most familiar in Plato's Timaeus,[10] where it is explained that the two bands which form the "world soul" (anima mundi) cross each other like the letter chi.[11] Not only did the two legs of the chi remind early Christians of the Cross, "it reminded them of the mystery of the pre-existent Christ, the Logos Theou, the Word of God, who extended himself through all things in order to establish peace and harmony in the universe," in Robert Grigg's words.[12] Hugo Rahner summarized the significance:

The two great circles of the heavens, the equator and the ecliptic, which, by intersecting each other form a sort of recumbent chi and about which the whole dome of the starry heavens swings in a wondrous rhythm, became for the Christian eye a heavenly cross.[13] Of Plato's image in Timaeus, Justin Martyr, the Christian apologist writing in the second century, found a prefiguration of the Cross,[14] and an early testimony may be the phrase in Didache, "sign of extension in heaven" (sēmeion ekpetaseōsen ouranō).[15]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Rho

From Plato:

And thus the whole mixture out of which he cut these portions was all exhausted by him. This entire compound divided lengthways into two parts, which he joined to one another at the centre like the letter X, and bent them into a circular form, connecting them with themselves and each other at the point opposite to their original meeting-point; and, comprehending them in a uniform revolution upon the same axis, he made the one the outer and the other the inner circle." (Timaeus,

----------------

PS: I get kroder is wheelbarrow pusher or such in Dutch - the carrier of time is the wheelbarrow, yes, as the wheelbarrow goes around it creates time.

--------------

This is the 3 daughters of Waralden Olmai, who really should probably correspond with Frya, Lyda and Finda.

Finno-Ugric triads In the mythology of the Sámi, a triad of goddesses are responsible for childbirth and protecting children. Sáhráhkka, who lives in the fireplace, is responsible for pregnancy and the particular protector of girls. Juksáhkká, who lives in the area of the back doors, is responsible for turning some children into boys while they are in the womb (there was a belief that all children are female at the outset). Uksáhkká guards the main doors, and is responsible for protecting all young children. See: Sami mythology

http://en.wikipedia....ki/Triple_deity

Sahr,(lives in the fireplace - Lyda, strong heat?) Juks and Uks should be their names without the ahkka (which means female spirit).

Absolutely no resemblance from what I can tell, but still - they would be the equal.

-----------------

Nordic Norns:

20. Thence come the maidens

mighty in wisdom,

Three from the dwelling

down 'neath the tree;

Urth is one named,

Verthandi the next,--

On the wood they scored,--

and Skuld the third.

Laws they made there,

and life allotted

To the sons of men,

and set their fates

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norns

This is very interesting, especially because the three norns have to do something with legislation, which plays an important role in the OLB.

[Knul]

Nice find. This is also a word/name connected with Time.

Another one that would be really great is the Fryan/Frisian word/combination of words, totalling 6 letters, and meaning 'the end'.... "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End"

-

Say Menno, on your site I searched through the list of books once owned by Over de Linden, and the one from Halbertsma's library.

I am sure an Over de Linden knew a lot about navigational calculations; I myself have a book about seamanship, "LEERBOEK DER ZEEVAARTKUNDE, bewerkt door (edited/adapted by) H. Tjepkema" (Noorduijn and Sons/Groningen, 1956), and he no doubt would know about the 'celestial' things I posted about here.

There are too many clues in the OLB about astronomy/astrology to just ignore.

Even a Halbertsma commented on an astrologer when analyzing the Van Haren chronicles.

"Finally"??

I already posted that one.

How about STERVA = to die as 6-letter word for the end.

[Knul]

From the very first moment I learned about the yuul-script I didn't much understand, why the script has been developed. One reason was to design letters, but the other reason, that the script should be read clockwise as given in the examples puzzles me still today, because the script of the OLB is merely linear. Have you any idea ?

[Abramelin]

The OLB Kroder doesn't have a wheelbarrow on it.

The word "kroder" is an old Dutch word meaning wheelbarrow, or the one pushing it forward.

I showed you that long ago.

It looks almost exactly the same as the Little Dipper moving around the pole star.

.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Abramelin]

How about STERVA = to die as 6-letter word for the end.

Of course I said that it would be nice if there was a 6-letter word or combination of words in the OLB meaning "the end" because of the Christian God saying "I am the Alpha and the Omega, I am the Beginning and the End".

[Abramelin]

This is not a screen shot of the pic in my book but this star chart/wheel shows the time around the edge -

http://www.amazon.com/Night-Sky-Star-Wheel-Publishing/dp/1931559309/ref=pd_sim_b_1

24 hours go around the outside, this imo, would be as said, the 12 sons and 12 daughters.

I have this one for the Southern Sky, a bit useless for trying to locate stars in the North Sky...

Heh, I have a similar one in Dutch for the northern sky.

[Abramelin]

From the very first moment I learned about the yuul-script I didn't much understand, why the script has been developed. One reason was to design letters, but the other reason, that the script should be read clockwise as given in the examples puzzles me still today, because the script of the OLB is merely linear. Have you any idea ?

After all this talk about astrology I had to think of a horsocope wheel.

And you know what's in top of a standard horsocope wheel? Capricorn, a sign ruled by Saturn. And Saturn is no one else but the Kroder. or "Krodo" (we posted about Krodo before).

It also stands for the father. Wralda?

The more I think about it, the more much of the symbology in the OLB becomes clear.... and the more I want to know who was that much interested in astrology in the 19th century to incorporate it in the OLB.

But I can't tell you why the texts on those Yule wheels should be read clockwise.

[Knul]

Abe, did you ever see the famous Planetarium of Eise Eisinga in Franeker ? s. http://www.planetarium-friesland.nl/. There you might find out about who made studies of astronomy/astrology in Friesland in the 19th century. It's amazing, what a wolkammer could achieve. In the cafetaria next door bells ring, when you can join a group to see the planetarium.

[Knul]

The word "kroder" is an old Dutch word meaning wheelbarrow, or the one pushing it forward.

I showed you that long ago.

It looks almost exactly the same as the Little Dipper moving around the pole star.

.

I think kroder is originally the small wheel which is used to turn a mill to the wind.To turn the mill is called kruien.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Knul

[Abramelin]

I think kroder is originally the small wheel which is used to turn a mill to the wind.To turn the mill is called kruien.

Have a look at this Hyves page (Hyves is a Dutch kind of Facebook):

http://kroder-krooder.hyves.nl/

Or have a look here:

http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/kruien

Or here:

kroder -> kruier (carrier)

krodewagen- -> kruiwagen- (wheelbarrow)

http://www.oudeberoepsnamen.nl/beroep/letterK.html

.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Abramelin]

Abe, did you ever see the famous Planetarium of Eise Eisinga in Franeker ? s. http://www.planetarium-friesland.nl/. There you might find out about who made studies of astronomy/astrology in Friesland in the 19th century. It's amazing, what a wolkammer could achieve. In the cafetaria next door bells ring, when you can join a group to see the planetarium.

No, I never did, but I know I always wanted to visit it one day.

And look at what it says:

A conjunction of planets occurred on 8 May 1774. Before it happened, people insisted that these planets would collide with one another, the result being that the earth would be pulled from its orbit and incinerated in the sun. Eise Eisinga wanted to show that there was no reason for panic.

http://www.planetarium-friesland.nl/engels.html

Btw, I did find software (Dutch/English) and I have been busy casting horscopes for several months of 2194 BC... and there's definately something going on there...

Alewyn suggested that a comet impacted in the Indian Ocean (Burckle Crater), and he said the date was Ocktober 21.

Well, based on astrology, I cane to Oktober 23 (click on the thumbnail for full size):

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Knul]

A good indication, that the OLB stems from the 19th century is the word stât,-a = state,-s, which is not Oldfrisian. The concept of states as political entities with their own government, laws, etc. comes from Montesquieu, but it took a while till states were codified in international law. Earlier the countries were named after their rulers, like kingdom, county, etc.

MS 001 Alle / stâta thêr‑er lidsa anda ôre syde thêre / Wrsara , wêron fon vs ofkêrth aend vn / der‑et weld thes Magy kêmen , aend‑et st / and to frêsane , that er weldig skolde / wertha vr‑et êlle lând . - All the states that lie on the other side of the Wrsara had been wrested from us, and had fallen under the power of Magy, and it looked as if his power was to become supreme over the whole land.

[Knul]

Have a look at this Hyves page (Hyves is a Dutch kind of Facebook):

http://kroder-krooder.hyves.nl/

Or have a look here:

http://www.etymologi...refwoord/kruien

Or here:

kroder -> kruier (carrier)

krodewagen- -> kruiwagen- (wheelbarrow)

http://www.oudeberoe...ep/letterK.html

.

It makes clear, that we deal with a Dutch word for carry, not with the Greek word Chronos = Time.

[Abramelin]

It makes clear, that we deal with a Dutch word for carry, not with the Greek word Chronos = Time.

I never said one was a literal translation of the other, just that they are equivalent.

[Abramelin]

I should have added the next to my post with the horoscope:

SWISS EPHEMERIS for the year 2194 BCE

Julian Calendar 1 Jan. 2194 BCE == Greg. Calendar 14 Dec. 2195 BCE

The year -2193 astronomical counting style corresponds to year 2194 B.C.E historical counting style.

http://www.astro.com/swisseph/ae/m2100/ae_m2193.pdf

Julian Calendar 1 Oct. 2194 BCE == Greg. Calendar 14 Sept. 2194 BCE

The year -2193 astronomical counting style corresponds to year 2194 B.C.E historical counting style.

So 23 Oct.(Julian Calendar) = 6 Oct (Gregorian Calendar)

http://www.astro.com/swisseph/swepha_e.htm

It is a bit unclear what calendar they use in the horsocope and the ephemeris, Julian or Gregorian.

Anyway, have fun, lol.

.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Abramelin]

Oh boy, it gets even better (again, lol).

First the OLB script:

Notice the OLB for the letter -A- and -W-.

One might think that if there's a 'kroder' near the pole star 'carrying the time around the Yule wheel (the Wheelbarrow or Big Dipper) then maybe these letters -A- and -W- are also near, -A- and -W- because they represent the Beginning and End... of Wralda's name - see the circle with the letters of his name positioned around it)

Well, they are: they are called Cassiopeia and Cepheus.

What's nice is that according to mythology these two persons were Queen and King and married to eachother.

Cassiopeia is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the vain queen Cassiopeia in Greek mythology, who boasted about her unrivalled beauty. Cassiopea was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is easily recognizable due to its distinctive 'W' shape, formed by five bright stars. It is bordered by Andromeda to the south, Perseus to the southeast, and Cepheus to the north. She is opposite the Big Dipper, and from northern latitudes can be seen at her clearest in early November.

The constellation is named after Cassiopeia, a queen in Greek mythology. Cassiopeia was the wife of King Cepheus, and became jealous of the beauty of their daughter Andromeda was very beautiful. When she boasted for her beauty, Poseidon, the sea god, sentenced Andromeda to be tied to a rock with a sea monster awaiting her. The hero Perseus defeated the monster, and claimed her as his wife,[1] but Cepheus and Cassiopea preferred her to marry another man, Phineus. In the ensuing battle, Perseus slew his opposers, and Cepheus and Cassiopeia were placed next to each other among the stars by Poseidon, Cassiopeia being placed upside down for half the year because of her vanity.

[urlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)[/url]

http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/cepheus.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheus,_King_of_Aethiopia

Most people can recognize the Big Dipper. It looks like a wheelbarrow, or a plow, or a pot with a curved handle. It has seven stars: four making up the pot, and three for the handle. The faintest is the "pot" star where the handle is attached.

Following the handle's final curve draws the eye to Polaris, the North Star. It is part of the Little Dipper.

The next "easy" marker is the constellation Cassiopeia. It is shaped like a "W" (or "M"), with the triple-star open side facing Polaris. A line drawn from Polaris to the east-most star of Cassiopeia cuts past the west-most stars of Perseus to the Triangulum, a triangle of stars.

http://mike-dehaan.suite101.com/your-august-2010-guide-to-the-perseid-meteor-shower-a272491

Btw: here Cepheus looks like a house with a pointed roof, but I have seen Cepheus being depicted as the OLB letter -A- (a triangle without the bottom horizontal).

==

The Big Dipper can be used to determine time:

http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock.swf

http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock.html'>http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock.html

http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/

An explanation of how:

http://www.dmns.org/main/minisites/spaceodyssey/pdf/tellingTime.pdf

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Knul]

Oh boy, it gets even better (again, lol).

First the OLB script:

Notice the OLB for the letter -A- and -W-.

One might think that if there's a 'kroder' near the pole star 'carrying the time around the Yule wheel (the Wheelbarrow or Big Dipper) then maybe these letters -A- and -W- are also near, -A- and -W- because they represent the Beginning and End... of Wralda's name - see the circle with the letters of his name positioned around it)

Well, they are: they are called Cassiopeia and Cepheus.

What's nice is that according to mythology these two persons were Queen and King and married to eachother.

Cassiopeia is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the vain queen Cassiopeia in Greek mythology, who boasted about her unrivalled beauty. Cassiopea was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is easily recognizable due to its distinctive 'W' shape, formed by five bright stars. It is bordered by Andromeda to the south, Perseus to the southeast, and Cepheus to the north. She is opposite the Big Dipper, and from northern latitudes can be seen at her clearest in early November.

The constellation is named after Cassiopeia, a queen in Greek mythology. Cassiopeia was the wife of King Cepheus, and became jealous of the beauty of their daughter Andromeda was very beautiful. When she boasted for her beauty, Poseidon, the sea god, sentenced Andromeda to be tied to a rock with a sea monster awaiting her. The hero Perseus defeated the monster, and claimed her as his wife,[1] but Cepheus and Cassiopea preferred her to marry another man, Phineus. In the ensuing battle, Perseus slew his opposers, and Cepheus and Cassiopeia were placed next to each other among the stars by Poseidon, Cassiopeia being placed upside down for half the year because of her vanity.

[urlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)[/url]

http://www.ianridpat...les/cepheus.htm

http://en.wikipedia....ng_of_Aethiopia

Most people can recognize the Big Dipper. It looks like a wheelbarrow, or a plow, or a pot with a curved handle. It has seven stars: four making up the pot, and three for the handle. The faintest is the "pot" star where the handle is attached.

Following the handle's final curve draws the eye to Polaris, the North Star. It is part of the Little Dipper.

The next "easy" marker is the constellation Cassiopeia. It is shaped like a "W" (or "M"), with the triple-star open side facing Polaris. A line drawn from Polaris to the east-most star of Cassiopeia cuts past the west-most stars of Perseus to the Triangulum, a triangle of stars.

http://mike-dehaan.s...-shower-a272491

Btw: here Cepheus looks like a house with a pointed roof, but I have seen Cepheus being depicted as the OLB letter -A- (a triangle without the bottom horizontal).

==

The Big Dipper can be used to determine time:

http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock.swf

http://astro.unl.edu...ipperclock.html

http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/

An explanation of how:

http://www.dmns.org/...tellingTime.pdf

It's very interesting what you found. Accidentely A.W in top of the Wralda wheel could be interpreted as alpha - kroder- oomega.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Knul

[Abramelin]

It's very interesting what you found. Accidentely A.W in top of the Wralda wheel could be interpreted as alpha - kroder- oomega.

That's what I have been saying for a year, lol.

Well, unless you mean a word, "AKO".

In OLB it should be: "AKW".

But the 'Kroder' - Big Dipper is opposite Cassiopeia (-W-),the Queen, and Cepheus (-A-), the King.

Not in the middle of them.

+++++

DAMN !!

It's WAK !!, or Wâk in OLB-ish (and what was on that (memorial/tomb)stone of the Over de Linden family??

Cassiopeia-Cepheus-Big Dipper.

From the OLB:

Skrêven to Ljuwert. Nêi âtland svnken is thaet thria thû sond fjvwer hvndred aend njugon aend fjvwertigoste jêr, thaet is nei kersten rêknong that tvelfhvndred sex aend fiftigoste jêr. Hidde tobinomath oera Linda. - Wâk.

Written at Liuwert, in the three thousand four hundred and forty-ninth year after Atland was submerged—that is, according to the Christian reckoning, the year 1256.

Hiddo, surnamed Over de Linda.—Watch.

http://oeralinda.angelfire.com/#aa

+++++++

I have always wondered about that word or warning...

++++++++++++++++++

This is the OLB letter used in the word "Wâk":

If you project that on Cepheus, the elongated line of the -â- almost touches the Pole Star, Polaris

+++++++++++++++++

De ster staat ook bekend als Alruccabah, Cynosura, Phoenice, Loodsster, Tramontana, Navigatoria, Ster van Arcady, Yilduz en Mismar. De ster maakt deel uit van de Pleiadengroep.

(The star is also know as Alruccabah, Cynosura, Phoenice, Lead Star, Tramontana, Navigatoria, Star of Arcady, Yilduz and Mismar. The star is part of the Pleiades group).

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris

+++++++++++

What the hell should we 'watch'?

Polaris? The alternative names of Polaris? What??

.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Abramelin]

Hello anyone, I am a 200% sure I saw some stone/tombstone/whatever-stone created by Over de Linden, and with the word "WAK" ("watch") inscribed on it.

Can't find it right now.

++++

EDIT:

I want to know what I should "wak"/watch.

A "wak-star"/"waak-ster"/watchstar??

.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Abramelin]

That's what I have been saying for a year, lol.

Well, unless you mean a word, "AKO".

In OLB it should be: "AKW".

But the 'Kroder' - Big Dipper is opposite Cassiopeia (-W-),the Queen, and Cepheus (-A-), the King.

Not in the middle of them.

+++++

DAMN !!

It's WAK !!, or Wâk in OLB-ish (and what was on that (memorial/tomb)stone of the Over de Linden family??

Cassiopeia-Cepheus-Big Dipper.

From the OLB:

Skrêven to Ljuwert. Nêi âtland svnken is thaet thria thû sond fjvwer hvndred aend njugon aend fjvwertigoste jêr, thaet is nei kersten rêknong that tvelfhvndred sex aend fiftigoste jêr. Hidde tobinomath oera Linda. - Wâk.

Written at Liuwert, in the three thousand four hundred and forty-ninth year after Atland was submergedthat is, according to the Christian reckoning, the year 1256.

Hiddo, surnamed Over de Linda.Watch.

http://oeralinda.angelfire.com/#aa

+++++++

I have always wondered about that word or warning...

++++++++++++++++++

This is the OLB letter used in the word "Wâk":

If you project that on Cepheus, the elongated line of the -â- almost touches the Pole Star, Polaris

+++++++++++++++++

De ster staat ook bekend als Alruccabah, Cynosura, Phoenice, Loodsster, Tramontana, Navigatoria, Ster van Arcady, Yilduz en Mismar. De ster maakt deel uit van de Pleiadengroep.

(The star is also know as Alruccabah, Cynosura, Phoenice, Lead Star, Tramontana, Navigatoria, Star of Arcady, Yilduz and Mismar. The star is part of the Pleiades group).

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris

+++++++++++

What the hell should we 'watch'?

Polaris? The alternative names of Polaris? What??

.

Its ancient name was Cynosūra, from the Greek κυνόσουρα "the dogs tail" (reflecting a time when the constellation of Ursa Minor "Little Bear" was taken to represent a dog), whence the English word cynosure.[11][12]. Most other names are directly tied to its role as pole star.

In English, it was known as "pole star" or "north star", in Spenser also "steadfast star". An older English name, attested since the 14th century, is lodestar "guiding star", cognate with the Old Norse leiðarstjarna, Middle High German leitsterne. Use of the name Polaris in English dates to the 17th century. It is an ellipsis for the Latin stella polaris "pole star". Another Latin name is stella maris "sea-star", from an early time also used as a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, popularized in the hymn Ave Maris Stella (8th century).[13] In traditional Indian astronomy, its name is Sanskrit dhruva tāra, literally "fixed star". Its name in medieval Islamic astronomy was variously reported as Mismar "needle, nail", al-kutb al-shamaliyy "the northern axle/spindle", al-kaukab al-shamaliyy "north star". The name Alruccabah or Ruccabah reported in 16th century western sources was that of the constellation.[14]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris\

Just in case some of you forgot the Frisians venerated Maria above God or Jesus.

.

Edited December 19, 2011 by Abramelin

[Otharus]

Just in case some of you forgot the Frisians venerated Maria above God or Jesus.

From (page 279-280): "Verhandeling over het Westland" (1844) Buddingh

(sorry too busy to translate)

[Otharus]

A good indication, that the OLB stems from the 19th century is the word stât,-a = state,-s, which is not Oldfrisian.

It is.

Richthofen's Oldfrisian dictionary (1840):

[Abramelin]

It is.

Richthofen's Oldfrisian dictionary (1840):

Yes, I found that too, but Knul means "state" in the meanning of 'nation', not some private property or estate.

.

Edited December 20, 2011 by Abramelin

[Abramelin]

Its ancient name was Cynosūra, from the Greek κυνόσουρα "the dog’s tail" (reflecting a time when the constellation of Ursa Minor "Little Bear" was taken to represent a dog), whence the English word cynosure.[11][12]. Most other names are directly tied to its role as pole star.

In English, it was known as "pole star" or "north star", in Spenser also "steadfast star". An older English name, attested since the 14th century, is lodestar "guiding star", cognate with the Old Norse leiðarstjarna, Middle High German leitsterne. Use of the name Polaris in English dates to the 17th century. It is an ellipsis for the Latin stella polaris "pole star". Another Latin name is stella maris "sea-star", from an early time also used as a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, popularized in the hymn Ave Maris Stella (8th century).[13] In traditional Indian astronomy, its name is Sanskrit dhruva tāra, literally "fixed star". Its name in medieval Islamic astronomy was variously reported as Mismar "needle, nail", al-kutb al-shamaliyy "the northern axle/spindle", al-kaukab al-shamaliyy "north star". The name Alruccabah or Ruccabah reported in 16th century western sources was that of the constellation.[14]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris\

Just in case some of you forgot the Frisians venerated Maria above God or Jesus.

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Dutch:

De titel "Sterre der Zee" is in de Katholieke eredienst terechtgekomen door de verklaring van de naam "Maria" door de heilige Hiëronymus. Hij deelde de Hebreeuwse naam "Maryam" op in "Mar" en "Yam," wat in het Latijn neerkomt op "Stilla Maris" oftewel "druppel der Zee." Dit werd verbasterd tot "Stella Maris" oftewel "Sterre der Zee." Deze titel kwam weer in de wereldberoemde Lauretaanse Litanie terecht.

"Stella Maris" of Ster der Zee was eveneens een epitheton van de Godin Isis, Ishtar, Aphrodite en Venus. Het begrip komt in de antieke oudheid dus reeds voor en is in feite afgeleid van de functie van de planeet Venus (als ochtend- en avondster, richtpunt voor schippers), of van de Poolster (zelfde functie) die de axis mundi markeert, of ook nog van de ster Sirius die de Pleiaden aanvoert en door de Egyptenaren werd benut om de seizoenen, het tijdstip van het opkomend Nijlwater, te bepalen en hun kalender te ijken. Tussen de verering uit de oudheid en de katholieke Mariatitel is aldus geen rechtstreeks verband.

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterre_der_Zee

English:

The title "Star of the Sea" entered the Catholic worship by the explanation of the name "Mary" by St. Jerome. He devided the Hebrew name "Maryam" into "Mar" and "Yam," which in Latin constitutes "Stilla Maris" or "drop the Sea." This was corrupted to "Stella Maris" or "Star of the Sea." This title in its turn entered the famous Lorettian Littany

"Stella Maris" or Star of the Sea and was also an epithet of the goddess Isis, Ishtar, Aphrodite and Venus. So the concept already shows up in antiquity and is in fact derived from the position of the planet Venus (as morning and evening, aiming point for boaters), or the Pole Star (same function) that marks the axis mundi, or even still the star Sirius which leads the Pleiades and was used by the Egyptians to determine the seasons and the time of the rising of the waters of the Nile, and to calibrate their calendar. Between the cult of antiquity and the Catholic title for Mary is thus no direct link.

Those "wak-stara", waak-sterren or watchstars... Venus, Polaris and Sirius?

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EDIT:

I think the conclusion of that Wiki page, "Between the cult of antiquity and the Catholic title for Mary is thus no direct link" a bit naive.

It's not to farfetched to assume much of the Isis and Venus cults was later adopted into the Catholic cult of Mary, including the title "Stella Maris", and a St. Jerome only doing his best to make it look like it had nothing to do with these ancient cults.

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Edited December 20, 2011 by Abramelin