Otharus Posted November 6, 2012 #1851 Share Posted November 6, 2012 An etymological relationship beteen love, books and freedom (liberty)? LJAFDE/ LJAVDE liefde - dutch liebe - german love - english LJAVE lieve - dutch liebe - german LJAVER (also haver; oats in OLB) liever - dutch lieber - german livre - french (book) liber - latin (cf. library - english) délivrer - french deliver - english liberate - english livereren - middle dutch leveren - dutch libertas - latin liberty - english liberté - french ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Varieties of love in the OLB [00b/01] 2x LJAWA ERVNÔMA. VMB VSA LJAWA ÉTHLA.S WILLE [00b/04] OCH LJAWE [00b/17] OCH LJAWA [023/05] THJU LJAFTE SINRA KÀMPONA MOT SIN SKÍLD WÉSA [033/30] HWÀT IK URVEN HÀV IS LJAFDE VR WISDOM. RJUCHT ÀND FRYDOM [047/11] AMONG THA GÀRS.SÉDUM HEDON WI NAVT ALENA. KÉREN. LJAVER ÀND BLÍDE [072/27] VMBE THAT HJU THA INHÉMAR SÁ FUL LIAFDE BIWÉSEN HÉDE [080/19] LJAFDE NE KV NÉN STEK LONGER NAVT FINDA ÀND ÉNDRACHT RUN ÉWÉI [084/11] FRYDOM. LJAFDE ÀND ÉNDRACHT SKILET FOLK IN HJARA WÁCH NÉMA [094/03] THET JUNGK-FOLK TÁCH SJONGANDE MITHA GÜRBÁM ÀND THISSE OVER.FULDE LUFT MITH SINA LIAFLIKA ÁDAM [104/10] THÁ GVNG WRALDA TO ÀND WROCHTE IN HJRA MOD NIGUNG ÀND LIAVDE ANGGOST ÀND SKRIK [133/29] THÁ KÉM LJAFDE ÀND ÀFTERNÉI SEND WI MAN ÀND WIF WRDEN [137/12] FALXE SKOM. THER ALLERWÉIKES KVAD DVAT AN THA LJAVDE [137/18] NIMMAN HOVAT HIT TO DVANDE FORI ENNEN OTHERA. HIT NE SÍ THÀT ET BI MÉNA WILLA JEF UT LJAVADE SKÉD [137/21] HI LÉRDE THÀT NIMMAN IN HJARA WAND MACHTE FROTA VMBE GOLD HER SILVER NER KESTLIKA STÉNA HWÉR NID AN KLÍWATH ÀND LJAVDE FON FLJUTH [138/03] É.LIKA DÉLA IS THA GRÁTESTE WITSKIP THÉR TID VS LÉRA MÉI. THÉRVMBE THÀT HJU ÀRGENESE FON JRTHA WÉRATH ÀND LJAVDE FETH [138/11] SIN FRYASKA FRJUND HÉTE HIM BUDA. VMBE THAT HI IN SIN HÁVAD EN SKÀT FON WISDOM HÉDE ÀND IN SIN HIRT EN SKÀT FON LJAVDE [142/22] FON THRJU WORDA SKILUN VSA ÀFTERKVMANDE AN HJARA LJUDA ÀND SLÁVONA THA BITHJUTNESSE LÉRA. HJA SEND. MÉNA LJAVDA . FRYHÉD ÀND RJUCHT [155/11] THAHWILA A.DEL TO TEX.LÁND INNA LÉRE WÉRE. WAS THÉR TEFTA EN ÉLLE LJAWE FÁM IN VPPER BURCH [155/18] A.DEL HÉDE HJA LJAF KRÉJEN ÀND HJU HÉDE A.DEL LJAF [160/15] LJAFDE IS FLJUCHT ÀND HORDON SIT MITH NÍD AN TÉFEL [167/21] LJAFLIKA STRÉKA HWÉRAN THET ÁG FORBONDEN BILÍWET Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 6, 2012 Author #1852 Share Posted November 6, 2012 (edited) These have nothing to do with love or liberty: livre - french (book) liber - latin (cf. library - english) délivrer - french deliver - english livereren - middle dutch leveren - dutch Think 'leaf', part of a plant. In ancient times people used dried leafs to write a message on because paper was expensive. . Edited November 6, 2012 by Abramelin Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Van Gorp Posted November 6, 2012 #1853 Share Posted November 6, 2012 LOL, instead of thinking of the bottom exit, think of the top entrance: the mouth. You know that many placenames here in the Netherlands have an archaic form of the word 'mouth' in them: IJmuiden, Muiden, Amuthon (Emden), IJselmuiden, IJsselmonde, and so on. And that's because of the fact they are located near the 'mouth' of a river, the place where a river meets the sea or a lake. So nothing to do with rear sphincters at all. I hope that info will improve your appetite. Well, unless you thought of a river as an open-air sewer. But that is the case in modern times with overpopulated countries, and most probably was not the case in ancient times. . Thnx Abe, read your post: indeed a lot of 'muidens' and had my diner with appetite :-) After, I took the risk to investigate further and found also some 'gats' in approx meaning of 'muide': Brielse Gat, Zennegat, Hellegat, ... Some info: http://users.skynet.be/dirkbinon/ruisbroek_sauvegarde/pagina's/nielhellegat.htm Belangrijk in de naam is het suffix “gat”. Een “gat” is een opening of toegang tot iets (veld, omheining, afsluiting, ..). Een “gat” betekent echter ook de monding van een kleinere rivier of beek in een grotere. Vanuit de grotere waterloop bekeken vaart men dan inderdaad een “gat” in. Een schoolvoorbeeld is het Zennegat: de monding van de Zenne in de Rupel. De monding van de Rupel in de Schelde noemde men het Wiel of het Mechels Gat. Samen met het Gat van Eikevliet (de monding van de Vliet in de Rupel), de Kortgaeten (mogelijk de monding van de Wullebeek) en het Oostgat (mogelijk de monding van het Langwiel in de Rupel) te Niel, het Watergat en Schaegaet te Ruisbroek, het Merlegate te Puurs, het Ekkersgat te Rumst, ontmoet men in de omgeving van de Rupel een sterke aanwezigheid van dergelijke “gaten”. Het is niet uitgesloten dat deze toponiemen een taalkundige echo zijn van de Vikingen die zeker op de Rupel hebben geopereerd. Vergelijk met het Engelse “gate” (poort, toegang) en het Scandinaafse “gate” (straat, weg).Ter vervollediging volgt hierbij nog een reeks van “gat” toponiemen: in Zeeland het Lapscheurse Gat, het Coxyse Gat, het Haantjesgat, het Saeftinger Gat, het Brouwershavense Gat, het Veerse Gat: allemaal uitwateringen in de Westerschelde. Ook het Kattegat in Denemarken hoort bij deze reeks. The last one is a nice coincidence for the topic: Kattegat, Denemark. Don't know the history behind it yet, have to look. Maybe you have some more info. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1854 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) OK, so there appear to be a couple of 'gats' here. The Kategat has a different etymology, as I explained here: http://www.unexplain...40#entry3681272 Kattegat. Strait, eastern North Sea. The name of the strait between Denmark and Sweden derives from Old Norse kati, "boat", and gata, "way," "strait," denoting a navigable channel. The name is popularly explained as meaning "cat's throat," as if from Danish kat or Swedish katt, "cat," and the former French name for the strait was Trou de Chat ("cat's hole") as a mistranslation of the original. And by trying to find that post, I found another old post of mine: . Edited November 7, 2012 by Abramelin Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1855 Share Posted November 7, 2012 There was an old place in The Netherlands that was called Catualium , http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catualium Catualium is a celticized form of a German placename, a name made up from haþu- (battle, fight) and walla- (shore). So, if these Chatti derived their name from Old German haþu, then their name could mean something like 'warriors'. haþu : http://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/germanischeswoerterbuch/GermanischesWoerterbuch1980.pdf http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=184645&st=2040#entry3681364 Couldn't be better, right? I said the name Batavi could mean 'warriors' (based on 'badwa' meaning battle), and the name of main tribe they split off from, the Chatti, could also mean 'warriors'. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1856 Share Posted November 7, 2012 Twelve is spelled TWILIF or TWÉLIF in OLB. LIF = life or body TWÉ = two So twelve originally may have meant two-lives, thus one life being 6. The sacred wheel of time (still so in India as Kalichakra; wheel of Kali) has 6 spokes. eleven c.1200, elleovene, from O.E. endleofan, lit. "one left" (over ten), from P.Gmc. *ainlif- (cf. O.S. elleban, O.Fris. andlova, Du. elf, O.H.G. einlif, Ger. elf, O.N. ellifu, Goth. ainlif), a compound of *ain "one" (see one) + PIE *leikw- "leave, remain" (cf. Gk. leipein "to leave behind;" see relinquish). Viking survivors who escaped an Anglo-Saxon victory were daroþa laf "the leavings of spears," while hamora laf "the leavings of hammers" was an Old English kenning for "swords" (both from "The Battle of Brunanburgh"). Twelve reflects the same formation; outside Germanic the only instance of this formation is in Lithuanian, which uses it all the way to 19 (vienio-lika "eleven," dvy-lika "twelve," try-lika "thirteen," keturio-lika "fourteen," etc.). http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=eleven&allowed_in_frame=0 twelve O.E. twelf, lit. "two left" (over ten), from P.Gmc. *twa-lif-, a compound of the root of two + *lif-, root of the verb leave (see eleven). Cf. O.S. twelif, O.N. tolf, O.Fris. twelef, M.Du. twalef, Du. twaalf, O.H.G. zwelif, Ger. zwölf, Goth. twalif. Outside Germanic, an analogous formation is Lith. dvylika, with second element -lika "left over." http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=twelve&searchmode=none Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Otharus Posted November 7, 2012 #1857 Share Posted November 7, 2012 These have nothing to do with love or liberty: livre - french (book) liber - latin (cf. library - english) Liber - Livre I will leave for later, but Liver - Lever is easy to prove: délivrer - frenchdeliver - english livereren - middle dutch leveren - dutch LIVEREREN Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek: livereren Oudste attestatie: Maldegem, ?Oost-Vlaanderen, 1286 Aangetroffen spelling: liuere(e)r- Etymologie: Uit Ofra. livrer 'bevrijden; (terug)geven; voorzien (in)' (Greimas). Korte betekenis: overhandigen 1. Overhandigen, (terug)geven. In de eerste aanh. meer bep.: betalen. source: gtb.inl.nl So to liberate and to deliver have the same origin. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Otharus Posted November 7, 2012 #1858 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) How LIF lives forth (what is left of LIF) in Dutch, English, Frisian and German D: lijf - liefde - leven. - lover. - lever - lof... - geloven - beloven E: life - love.. - live.. - leaf.. - liver - lavish - beleave - ? F: liif - leafde - libben - ?..... - lever - lof... - leauwe. - belove G: leib - liebe. - leben. - laub.. - leber - lob... - glauben - geloben Edited November 7, 2012 by Otharus Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1859 Share Posted November 7, 2012 Liber - Livre I will leave for later, but Liver - Lever is easy to prove: These have nothing to do with love or liberty: livre - french (book) liber - latin (cf. library - english) Think 'leaf', part of a plant. In ancient times people used dried leafs to write a message on because paper was expensive. . The Dutch word "loof" (pronounced like 'loaf') means foliage, but it also used to mean leaf. And an old Dutch word is "lover" (pronounced like 'loaver') or "lovre", which was the plural of 'loof'. http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/loof1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1860 Share Posted November 7, 2012 This might come in handy: An etymological dictionary of the French language (1873) http://archive.org/stream/etymologicaldict00bracrich#page/n8/mode/1up Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1861 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) The Dutch word "loof" (pronounced like 'loaf') means foliage, but it also used to mean leaf. And an old Dutch word is "lover" (pronounced like 'loaver') or "lovre", which was the plural of 'loof'. http://www.etymologi...trefwoord/loof1 liber French Pronunciation IPA: /li.bɛʁ/, X-SAMPA: /li.bER/ Noun liber m (plural libers) bast (of a tree) [inner bark of trees from which ropes were made] Etymology 2 Probably from an older form *luber and cognate to Old Church Slavonic лѹбъ (lubŭ, "bark of a tree") and Lithuanian lùpti ("to peel, to shell") http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liber The bark/bast thing is also in the Dutch etymology site (see: "loof/lover") +++ EDIT: How to Make Birch Bark Paper http://www.ehow.com/how_7345179_make-birch-bark-paper.html Chinese paper was made from the layer of bast found under the bark of the mulberry tree, as well as rags and other waste. http://www.ehow.com/info_8240915_historical-chinese-inventions.html In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), a court official named Cai Lun made a new kind of paper from bark, hemp, rags, fishnet, wheat stalks and other materials. It was relatively cheap, light, thin, durable and more suitable for brush writing. http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26514.htm In India, the birch (Sanskrit: भुर्ज, bhurj) holds great historical significance in the culture of North India, where the thin bark coming off in winter was extensively used as writing paper. Birch paper (Sanskrit: भुर्ज पत्र, bhurj pətrə) is exceptionally durable and was the material used for many ancient Indian texts.This bark also has been used widely in ancient Russia as note paper (beresta) and for decorative purposes and even making footwear. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch Image: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Birch_bark_document_210.jpg A birch bark inscription excavated from Novgorod, circa 1240–1260 . Edited November 7, 2012 by Abramelin Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1862 Share Posted November 7, 2012 What did the Fryans use to make paper? Anda ôra syde thêre Skelda hwêr hja tomet tha fêrt fon alle sêa haeve, thêr mâkath hja hjvd dêgon skriffilt fon pompa blêdar, thêr mith sparath hja linnent ut aend 'kaennath hja vs wel miste. Nêidam thaet skriffilt mâkja nv alti vs grâteste bydriv wêst is, sâ heth thju Moder wilt that maen et vs lêra skolde. (Sandbach's tranlation, but improved by me): On the other side (here: north) of the Scheldt, where from time to time there come ships from all seaports, they now make paper from water lily leaves ( http://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompebl%C3%AAd ), by which they save linen and can do without us. Now, as the making of writing felt was always our principal industry, the mother willed that people should learn it from us. http://oeralinda.angelfire.com/#az The quote tells us they initially used only "linnent" but that those living north of the Scheldt started using water lily leaves to save "linnent" and therefore could do without the help of those living south of the Scheldt (Kalta and her people). Now everybody will think this 'linnent' is flax, right? Linum (flax) is a genus of approximately 200 species in the flowering plant family Linaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It includes the Common Flax (L. usitatissimum), the bast fibre of which is used to produce linen and the seeds to produce linseed oil. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linum Then I started thinking: what tree would the Fryans have preferred to use for making paper? You know, the guys and girls from the Oera LINDA Book? The book that was in the possession of Cornelis Over de LINDEN? Those LINDA_wrda? Yes, the "linnent" in the quoted line from the OLB could also have been made from... linden trees (lime trees): In de oudheid werd van lindebast een soort tweezijdig beschrijfbaar papier gemaakt. In ancient times a sort of two-sided writable paper was made from lime bark. http://boomkompas.blogspot.nl/2008/08/linde.html "Mogelijk is de naam linde afgeleid van het gebruik van de bast (linda = bindsel, maar ook wikkelen/draaien of winden. Een andere mogelijkheid is dat de naam betrekking heeft op het zachte hout. (...) Het Griekse 'tilos' betekent bast. Lindebast, ook 'phylira' genoemd, gebruikte men in de Oudheid als papier. In de tijd van Plinius sprak men van 'liber'. Het Engelse 'library' is hiervan afgeleid." It is possible that the name "linde" is derived from the use of the bark (linda = binding), but also wrap / turn or winding. Another possibility is that the name refers to the soft and flexible wood. (...) The Greek 'tilos' means bark. Bast of linde/lime, also called 'phylira', was used in antiquity as paper. In Pliny's time they talked of 'liber'. The English word 'library' is derived from this word. http://www.houtmeteenverhaal.nl/houtsoorten/linde/index.html For those who can read Dutch will see several times the word "lint" here: http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/linde It looks like someone combined "linnen" (= Dutch spelling of 'linen') with "lint" into "linnent"... Rond 60 n. Chr. werd keizer Nero een serie boekrollen van lindebast overhandigd die in een graf op Kreta waren gevonden. Na onderzoek bleek het te gaan om een Phoenicisch handschrift van het Dagboek van de Trojaanse Oorlog van Dictys van Kreta. Around 60 CE Emperor Nero was handed a series of lime bark scrolls found in a tomb on Crete. After examination it appeared to be a Phoenician manuscript of the Journal of the Trojan War by Dictys of Crete. http://www.chaironeia.nl/id100.htm lime (n.3) "linden tree," 1620s, earlier line (c.1500), from M.E. lynde (early 14c.), from O.E. lind "lime tree" (see linden). Klein suggests the change of -n- to -m- probably began in compounds whose second element began in a labial (e.g. line-bark, line-bast). http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=lime&allowed_in_frame=0 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
lilthor Posted November 7, 2012 #1863 Share Posted November 7, 2012 So Over de Linden may have descended from an ancient lineage of paper-makers. Possibly giving them a key role in creating and keeping written records of all types. And making plausible the idea that this family would be inclined to pass along written keepsakes between generations. 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1864 Share Posted November 7, 2012 This might come in handy: An etymological dictionary of the French language (1873) http://archive.org/s...age/n8/mode/1up And so do these: A Grammar of Proto-Germanic Winfred P. Lehmann Jonathan Slocum, ed. Copyright © 2005-2007 by the Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/pgmc00.html GERMANIC AND THE RUKI DIALECTS1 By CHARLES PRESCOTT University of Sussex http://www.users.waitrose.com/~candfprescott/ruki.pdf From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic: A Linguistic History of English: Volume I Donald Ringe Oxford University Press, 31 aug. 2006 - 368 pagina's http://books.google.nl/books?id=lCPZfXPfWVIC&printsec=frontcover&hl=nl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1865 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) So Over de Linden may have descended from an ancient lineage of paper-makers. Possibly giving them a key role in creating and keeping written records of all types. And making plausible the idea that this family would be inclined to pass along written keepsakes between generations. It might be, yes. Up to a couple of years ago there still was an Over de Linden printing house in Enkhuizen. Well, I got inspired by Otharus 'Liber', and then things started rolling, lol. I really never thought of lime bark/bast as a source for paper, but linden/lime trees must have been quite abundant in the ancient Low Lands before we started cutting them all down. And I also had to think of herbal medicine as described in the OLB (and mentioned by Knul a couple of times) : http://www.herbalsaf.../lindentree.pdf http://www.herbsa2z..../lime_tree.html http://botanical.com...l/limtre28.html +++ EDIT: And lime bark was used for many other things as well : The more complex shoes worn by Ötzi the Iceman, who lived around 3300 BC, were bound with "shoelaces" made of lime bark string. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoelaces THE RECONSTRUCTION OF WELLS AND LIME BARK BUCKETS FROM LIEPORIAI 1 SETTLEMENT Lime bark, an axe, a knife, an awl, a hook for weaving the string, as well as some wax, is needed for the production of a bucket. The method of production has been reconstructed and 150 buckets have been made using this method. All the reconstructions were demonstrated at festivals of experimental archaeology in Poland, Latvia and Lithuania. http://archive.minfolit.lt/arch/9001/9144.pdf If we want to find archeological proof of anything OLB, then things made from lime tree should be one of the first candidates. . Edited November 7, 2012 by Abramelin Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1866 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) And again a bit more about the C(h)atti: clann catti Gaelic catanach; cat, a cat, SIr. catt, Cy. cath, Cor., kat, Br. kaz, Gaul, Cattos, a god of battle; Latin catta, English cat, German katze. Possibly of Celtic origin, applied at first to wild species and later to the Egyptian cats introduced at the time of Christianity. Similar to the W. cath, Cor. kat, and the Germ. katze. The word may thus confer with cath, a wild thing, a battle. Sir Robert Gourdon (1630) said that in the reign of the Scottish King Corbred II, who was also called Gald, and who the Romans named Galgacus, the Roman emperor Domitian came to the Tayside and set up camp. He brought with him other German mercenaries who were later known as the Catti and the Vsippi. Unable to put down these powerful enemies, the King of the Scots welcomed them instead, giving the Germans the remote northwest which came to be called Cattey. It is said that when the leader of the Catti first spied out his new digs he was attacked by wild cats, and having defeated them, the land was afterwards designated as "The Cattey." It was perhaps in memory of this dangerous adventure that the earls of this north land carried arms showing a cat ready to do battle. The Catti were said to be of the same blood as the Anglo-Saxons who also served as Roman mercenaries in wars against the Celts. Mercator's Atlas has equated the Catti with the Hessi, who also had the cat as their totem animal. As Hesse is the same name as the English Hugh and the Gaelic Aod, this is not improbable. The Morrayes, or Murrays, being of similar stock intermarried with the people of Cattey and the latter often served as high officials. in their land When the government of the Morrayes failed in the north east of the region it was partitioned into North and South Cattey, the latter sometimes being termed simply the Southerlands. Read the rest here: http://rodneymackay.... files/Archived About those Morrayes from the quote above.. could they have been the Morini?? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morini In 1630 Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonstoun published his "Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland" He tells us that in the year A.D. 63 a "certain people called Morrayes," expelled from Germany, arrived in the Firth of Forth, and finding favour in the eyes of Corbred, king of Scotland, were settled in the region between the Spey and the Ness, thereafter called Morayland from its inhabitants. Thirty years later, in A.D. 91, another company of Germans arrived, who received lands to the north of Morayland, and gave their own name to the locality, calling it Cattey. But as they were of the same kin as their predecessors in Morayland, these Cattean Germans were also in time styled Morrayes, and "divers thaines and cheiftaynes of that stok and surname did successivelie governe and rule ther, one efter another." http://tech.groups.y...21/message/7824 Let's not forget that anything coming from the south-east and east coasts of the North Sea was either Saxon or German in Scottish eyes. . Edited November 7, 2012 by Abramelin Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 7, 2012 Author #1867 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) Damn, I do realize I post a bit much about things not directly related to the OLB, but I keep wondering why the Scots and Irish knew about the C(h)atti, Menapi, Morini (ok,maybe) and Chauci, and that we don't read one single word about them in the OLB. The Batavi and Cananefates were - like I already said - recent arrivals in the Low Lands, and that may be the reason they don't show up in the OLB, because the OLB ends around the time these Bats and Canans went on the move to the west and settled in the Low Lands. The next I posted before, but it's just to show you these Scots and Irish probably did really know the ancient Frisians: Before concluding, I wish to allude very shortly to a people mentioned in the traditionary history of Ireland, whom I believe to be the same with these early Frisian pirates. They are called in Irish tradition the Fomorians, or Fomhoraidh, and appear throughout the whole traditionary history as a race of sea-pirates, occasionally infesting the coasts, and occasionally settling on its shores and subjugating its inhabitants. They are called in these legends African pirates ; but the same name of Africans is attributed by Procopius, who has preserved Frisian and Saxon traditions, to them. They are also called Lochlannaibh, which clearly marks them out as being pirates from the north coast of Germany. An early king is Bhreas, or the Frisian. Their principal stronghold was on a small island called Tory Island, where they had a fort called Tur Conaing, after the name of a leader—Conaing, the Saxon for king. Their chief seat, this small island called after a leader, being nearly parallel to their chief seat in the Forth, likewise a small island called the city of Guidi, whom I believe to be no other than the Guitta, son of Guechta, of Nennius, and the Vitta, son of Vecta, of Bede, and who also appears in the Pictish Chronicle as Guidid Gadbrechach. The word Fo-mor means under the sea. The old Irish name for the low country lying east of the Rhine was Tirfothuinn, the land under the waves, from its being supposed to be lower than the sea; so was it also called Tirformor, the land under the sea, and its inhabitants Fomorians or Fomhoraigh. They appear in intimate connection with the Cruthens or Picts. It would take too long to quote the numerous passages which show this traditionary connection between them, but it runs through the whole of their traditionary .history; and I cannot help suspecting that they have left their name in the parish in the county of Aberdeenshire termed Foveran, as the Cruthens have in the neighbouring parish of Cruden. The reason that I mention this traditionary people is that they were the great builders of Cyclopean forts in Ireland. Two great fortresses, one called Bath Cimbaott in Dalaradia, now part of Down, and another in Meath, are said in tradition to have been the work of four celebrated builders of the Fomoraigh. Conaing, one of their leaders, is said to have built a strong tower in Tory Island, on the coast of Donegal, hence called Torinis; and Balar Beman, another famous champion of the Fomorians, erected another fort oh Torinis called Dunard Balair, a great fort of Balar. But above all, the great Cyclopean fort of Aelech, or Aelech Fririn, in Londonderry—said in old poem, of all the works of Erin the oldest is Aelech Fririn—is said to have been erected by Gaibhan and Fririn, two celebrated builders of the Fomoraigh. The fortress of Aelech was of a circular form, built of large stones well fitted together and of great strength, constructed in the style of Cyclopean architecture. There are still considerable remains of the stone fortress, and the wall varies from ten to fifteen feet in thickness, and is of immense strength. The circumference of this building was almost 100 yards, and it was surrounded by three great earthen ramparts. If in these traditions of the Fomhoraigh there is preserved some recollections of these forerunners of the Saxons and Angles, those Frisians who under the generic name of Saxons first invested our coasts and made settlements on our shores, it is probable that we must attribute to them many of those stupendous hill forts which are to be found within no great distance from the eastern shore, and especially those which crown the summits of the hills termed "Laws," and probably many of the sepulchral remains; while it is not impossible that the Cat Stane, with its inscription of "In hoc turpulo jacet Vettafilius Victi," may commemorate by a Eoman hand the tomb of their first leader Vitta, son of Vecta, the traditionary grandfather of Hengist and Horsa. http://ads.ahds.ac.u...4/4_169_181.pdf "Laws"?? (...) Taexali: a group of very probably Frisian settlers (lived near a bay in Scotland that was once called Frisian Bay); did they come from Texel (old name Texla) after the flood in 360 or 350 BC, a flood mentioned by the Frisian historiographer Schotanus? Same could be true for the aforementioned tribes. Some of their hillforts were called "Laws" (think OLB citadel on Texland; the etymology of Texla is based on a Germanic word for direction, "to the right". But 'right' has also another meaning aside from a direction...LAW. ) (...) http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=227240&st=1095&p=4463085entry4463085 . Edited November 7, 2012 by Abramelin Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Otharus Posted November 7, 2012 #1868 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) elevenc.1200, elleovene, from O.E. endleofan, lit. "one left" (over ten), from P.Gmc. *ainlif- (cf. O.S. elleban, O.Fris. andlova, Du. elf, O.H.G. einlif, Ger. elf, O.N. ellifu, Goth. ainlif), a compound of *ain "one" (see one) + PIE *leikw- "leave, remain" (cf. Gk. leipein "to leave behind;" see relinquish). Great, Abe. Silly me, to forget about E-leven ("leven" in Dutch is life or to live), when 2-LIF is twelve. And now we can reconstruct what 11 might have been spelled in Fryan: ENLIF or ÉNLIF (in modern Dutch: elf). Edited November 7, 2012 by Otharus Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Otharus Posted November 7, 2012 #1869 Share Posted November 7, 2012 Well, I got inspired by Otharus 'Liber', and then things started rolling, lol.I really never thought of lime bark/bast as a source for paper, but linden/lime trees must have been quite abundant in the ancient Low Lands before we started cutting them all down. Neither did I. Valuable finds, Abe. Wonderful how we inspire each other here. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Otharus Posted November 7, 2012 #1870 Share Posted November 7, 2012 (edited) Time for some comic relief, and not completely irrelevant, IMO. Edited November 7, 2012 by Otharus Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
The Puzzler Posted November 8, 2012 #1871 Share Posted November 8, 2012 (edited) I edited out a post by Abe that I'm replying to, just to cut down on loadspace. I was thinking of words like loofah and then lovage,because lovage is basically a leafy herb. To whit, I wouldn't be surprised if it really just etymologically was leafage - like foliage, leafage is a name used around for a multitude of leafy substances, why wouldn't that be the name of lovage, which is exactly what is, contrare to this guess. The name 'lovage' is from "love-ache", ache being a medieval name for parsley; this is a folk-etymological corruption of the older French name levesche, from late Latin levisticum, in turn thought to be a corruption of the earlier Latin ligusticum, "of Liguria" (northwest Italy), where the herb was grown extensively http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovage A loofah again, is from a leafy vine that grows a cucumber type thing on it, that is used as the skin cleaning or washing up loofah, so again, it comes from a leafy plant and supposedly based on Arabic 'luf'. Edited November 8, 2012 by The Puzzler Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
NO-ID-EA Posted November 8, 2012 #1872 Share Posted November 8, 2012 What did the Fryans use to make paper? uote tells us they initially used only "linnent" but that those living north of the Scheldt started using water lily leaves to save "linnent" and therefore could do without the help of those living south of the Scheldt (Kalta and her people). Yes, the "linnent" in the quoted line from the OLB could also have been made from... linden trees (lime trees): It is possible that the name "linde" is derived from the use of the bark (linda = binding), but also wrap / turn or winding. Another possibility is that the name refers to the soft and flexible wood. (...) The Greek 'tilos' means bark. Bast of linde/lime, also called 'phylira', was used in antiquity as paper. In Pliny's time they talked of 'liber'. The English word 'library' is derived from this word. For those who can read Dutch will see several times the word "lint" here: http://www.etymologi...trefwoord/linde It looks like someone combined "linnen" (= Dutch spelling of 'linen') with "lint" into "linnent"... Around 60 CE Emperor Nero was handed a series of lime bark scrolls found in a tomb on Crete. After examination it appeared to be a Phoenician manuscript of the Journal of the Trojan War by Dictys of Crete. lime (n.3) "linden tree," 1620s, earlier line (c.1500), from M.E. lynde (early 14c.), from O.E. lind "lime tree" (see linden). Klein suggests the change of -n- to -m- probably began in compounds whose second element began in a labial (e.g. line-bark, line-bast). Interesting.........From Abe's post of PIE to German "linkw" also means left behind , linkw could also be lingw in the usual transfer of k to g , "lingo" is common slang in English for language...... and lingo would then be ..lin = leave behind.. and go ...........write your message on a tree and go ? According to Higgins , because the very early Alphabet was made up of the first letter of different trees , you could also leave a message for people "left behind" by stringing different tree leaves on a twig , which could be read later by the finder . Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Otharus Posted November 8, 2012 #1873 Share Posted November 8, 2012 It must be an important root-word involved, since LINGUA and LINGAM seem to be linked as well. Oer-Lingua Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Abramelin Posted November 8, 2012 Author #1874 Share Posted November 8, 2012 The time period the narrative of the OLB takes place lies between around 2200 BCE and a bit before 0 CE. What was the heartland or the most important area? Texland, or Texel and Westfriesland (a district in the province of North-Holland). Well, a scientific research is about to start in exactly that area for the period between 2000 and 800 BCE : Archaeological research of coastal farming communities on the southern North Sea coast, 2000-800 BC Farmers of the coast is a research project revolving around the thesis that Bronze Age coastal communities were thriving farming communities with their own cultural identity and with a central position in communication networks. There is hardly a region thinkable that is better suited for studying prehistoric communities on the North Sea coast than the Netherlands. Not only was its location central in a traffic geographical sense, but also can the Netherlands boast of having one of the best preserved Bronze Age landscapes in north-western Europe: the fossil landscapes of West Frisia. Therefore the project focuses on these extensively excavated but poorly published archaeological sites as case study of coastal farming communities. This research project is funded by the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) and Leiden University. The project is based at Leiden University under direction of prof. Harry Fokkens. http://www.westfrisia.com/index.html Research questions The project has sevaral overall goals, which are being discussed in four sub-projects: The aim of this project is to investigate Bronze Age wetland communities along the southern North Sea coast. 1. What were the environmental conditions of the dynamic wetlands along the southern North Sea and how did coastal development in general take place in the Bronze Age (between c. 2000 and 800 cal BC)? To what extent did the physical and biotic landscape determine possibilities for habitation, subsistence, accessibility and contacts? 2. How was the cultural landscape organised? How were settlements structured and how were farms, arable land, grazing grounds, badlands, cemeteries situated with respect to each other? 3. What was the subsistence economy of coastal communities? What were their farming and possibly hunting practices? How did they combine arable farming and stockbreeding into a sustainable form of agriculture over several hundreds of years? 4. Which aspects of material culture, practices and possibly also ideology are particular for coastal (wetland) communities? Can we detect indications for a central position in communication networks of goods and people along the coast? Reconsidering models of the past Existing models and explanations ar all based on interpretational models of a few decades agoo. Some of these will still hold-up against new analyses, but others will have to be replaced. Our approach is to re-investigate criteria and inferences of thes models of the past and confront them again with the data. For exmaple: the matter of 'grain circles'. These circles are interpreted as ditches that were dug around shoves of grain, at means of harvest storage therefore. This interpretation is based on research of two so-called pit circles with carbonised grains at Twisk (Buurman 1987). Though we do not question the research done by Buurman, one can question the conclusion that the carbonised grain is an indication for the function of these pit circles and related circular ditches. During one of our research meetings, Corry Bakels raised the question how one could plough an arable if the field was riddled with ditched circular structures and pits. That is the kind of questions that no one has asked yet and that eventually will lead to entirely different interpretations of the existing data. http://www.westfrisia.com/research-questions.html Project 1 The landscape of Westfrisia drs. Wilco van Zijverden Research questions: 1. How was the physical landscape of West Frisia structured, how did it develop between 2000 and 800 cal BC? 2. Which parts were favoured for settlement? 3. Which restraints and opportunities did it offer people? (...) http://www.westfrisia.com/1-landscape.html Project 2 Settlements in context Drs. Wouter Roessingh Rationale: In order to understand how the Bronze Age cultural landscape was structured and how subsistence was organised (sub-project 3) we have to study how settlements were structured and how farms, arable land, grazing grounds, wetlands, cemeteries were situated with respect to each other. (...) http://www.westfrisia.com/2-settlements.html Someone (Nico Bregman) said in a comment he visited the dig and contacted a Christian van der Linde. http://www.westfrisia.com/1/post/2012/04/bronze-age-farm-at-enkhuizen.html#comments And this Van der Linde is an archeologist from the Leiden University !! Lol. http://www.dewerkendemensoss.nl/pdf/actvoorjaar200901.pdf Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
The Puzzler Posted November 8, 2012 #1875 Share Posted November 8, 2012 Yes, I gave that link some pages back, Otharus saw it but good to revise it, it should be an important study and I'll be watching for the results. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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