The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review - Acedemic Peer Reviewed Paper

[Grim Reaper 6]

There are far to data that gone into this paper, if you are interested in the subject the paper is 7 pages long. This the first Critical Scientific Peer Reviewed study on the origin of SARS-Cov-2. Below I will post the conclusions of this Critical Review, if you require more specific information please go to the paper in the link below:

Conclusions:

There is currently no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has a laboratory origin. There is no evidence that any early cases had any connection to the WIV, in contrast to the clear epidemiological links to animal markets in Wuhan, nor evidence that the WIV possessed or worked on a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 prior to the pandemic. The suspicion that SARS-CoV-2 might have a lab- oratory origin stems from the coincidence that it was first detected in a city that houses a major virological laboratory that studies coronaviruses. Wuhan is the largest city in central China with multiple animal markets and is a major hub for travel and commerce, well connected to other areas both within China and internationally.

The link to Wuhan therefore more likely reflects the fact that pathogens often require heavily populated areas to become established (Pekar et al., 2021). We contend that although the animal reservoir for SARS-CoV- 2 has not been identified and the key species may not have been tested, in contrast to other scenarios there is substantial body of scientific evidence supporting a zoonotic origin. Although the possibility of a laboratory accident cannot be entirely dismissed, and may be near impossible to falsify, this conduit for emergence is highly unlikely relative to the numerous and repeated human- animal contacts that occur routinely in the wildlife trade. Failure to comprehensively investigate the zoonotic origin through collaborative and carefully coordinated studies would leave the world vulnerable to future pandemics arising from the same hu- man activities that have repeatedly put us on a collision course with novel viruses. 

The link below will take you the page the paper is located on, you still must click PDF to download the entire paper.

https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/

Edited September 25, 2021 by Manwon Lender

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

Like in Revelation Jesus says he is casting revenge on people for practicing fornication and eating food sacrificed to idolatry. God casts a plague on it.

Well, the religion is not going to be eating bats and other strange animals. Fornication is a terrible spread of the disease because it goes against social distancing. Partying and spreading the virus.

[Grim Reaper 6]

7 minutes ago, Green Lion said:

Like in Revelation Jesus says he is casting revenge on people for practicing fornication and eating food sacrificed to idolatry. God casts a plague on it.

Well, the religion is not going to be eating bats and other strange animals. Fornication is a terrible spread of the disease because it goes against social distancing. Partying and spreading the virus.

This Virus was not caused by eating Bats or Other strange animals that's not how this Virus is spread. God has nothing to with this, man has caused this all by himself, by our destruction of the Biodiversity of our plant. Now Mother Earth herself is fighting back, and its battle we can not win!

Edited September 25, 2021 by Manwon Lender

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

15 minutes ago, Manwon Lender said:

This Virus was not caused by eating Bats or Other strange animals that's not how this Virus is spread. God has nothing to with this, man has caused this all by himself, by our destruction of the Biodiversity of our plant. Now Mother Earth herself is fighting back, and its battle we can not win!

I thought it came out of the animal market that sells all kinds of crazy meat to eat like bats, pangolins and snakes?

The article itself says these viruses are getting spread at these animal markets. This isn't exactly clean meat.

 

Edited September 25, 2021 by Green Lion

[Grim Reaper 6]

35 minutes ago, Green Lion said:

I thought it came out of the animal market that sells all kinds of crazy meat to eat like bats, pangolins and snakes?

The article itself says these viruses are getting spread at these animal markets. This isn't exactly clean meat.

 

Actually the first case of SARS-Cov-2 Virus or COVID 19 did not even occur in Wuhan, it occurred in the countryside many kilometers from Wuhan. Also the data that orinally was reported for the cases was Dec 2019, but in reality people in the Countryside of Hubei Province which is also where Wuhan is located were already sick during October and November 2019. These sick people brought the Virus to Wuhan where the Epidemic exploded, but the original reports of the Wuhan Seafood Market being the Virus started are not accurate at all, below are some links and information that proves what I am saying!

""Chinese authorities have so far identified at least 266 people who were infected in 2019. All the 266 individuals came under medical surveillance at some point, Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported. The first case of someone in China suffering from COVID-19 can be traced back to November 17, the report said quoting government data. A 55-year-old from Hubei province could have been the first person to have contracted the viral infection on November 17 last year and cases rapidly began piling up since then, it said, without revealing the gender of the individual.

Since November 17, one to five new coronavirus cases surfaced each day. By December 15, the total number of infections stood at 27 -- the first double-digit daily rise was reported on December 17 -- and by December 20, the total number of confirmed cases reached 60, the report said.  https://m.economictimes.com/news/international/world-news/first-covid-19-case-can-be-traced-back-to-november-2017-in-chinas-hubei-province-report/articleshow/74608199.cms

Dating first cases of COVID-19 - Below is a Acedemic Peer Reviewed Scientific paper that further explains all of this in great detail. https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009620

So all these nonsense that this Pandemic started in the Seafood Market in Wuhan China is completely and totally inaccurate I hope this information helps you understand the truth.

Take Care my friend!

 

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

28 minutes ago, Manwon Lender said:

Actually the first case of SARS-Cov-2 Virus or COVID 19 did not even occur in Wuhan, it occurred in the countryside many kilometers from Wuhan. Also the data that orinally was reported for the cases was Dec 2019, but in reality people in the Countryside of Hubei Province which is also where Wuhan is located were already sick during October and November 2019. These sick people brought the Virus to Wuhan where the Epidemic exploded, but the original reports of the Wuhan Seafood Market being the Virus started are not accurate at all, below are some links and information that proves what I am saying!

""Chinese authorities have so far identified at least 266 people who were infected in 2019. All the 266 individuals came under medical surveillance at some point, Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported. The first case of someone in China suffering from COVID-19 can be traced back to November 17, the report said quoting government data. A 55-year-old from Hubei province could have been the first person to have contracted the viral infection on November 17 last year and cases rapidly began piling up since then, it said, without revealing the gender of the individual.

Since November 17, one to five new coronavirus cases surfaced each day. By December 15, the total number of infections stood at 27 -- the first double-digit daily rise was reported on December 17 -- and by December 20, the total number of confirmed cases reached 60, the report said.  https://m.economictimes.com/news/international/world-news/first-covid-19-case-can-be-traced-back-to-november-2017-in-chinas-hubei-province-report/articleshow/74608199.cms

Dating first cases of COVID-19 - Below is a Acedemic Peer Reviewed Scientific paper that further explains all of this in great detail. https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009620

So all these nonsense that this Pandemic started in the Seafood Market in Wuhan China is completely and totally inaccurate I hope this information helps you understand the truth.

Take Care my friend!

 

The OP article is pretty interested in the Wuhan market. It says they were trading infected animals, racoon-dogs, back and forth through Wuhan and Huanan. It looks pretty concerned that the virus emerges from animal trading.

[Grim Reaper 6]

8 hours ago, Green Lion said:

The OP article is pretty interested in the Wuhan market. It says they were trading infected animals, racoon-dogs, back and forth through Wuhan and Huanan. It looks pretty concerned that the virus emerges from animal trading.

It doesn't say they were trading in INFECTED animals, it clearly says that the markets were trading in animals suspected of being possible animal species that could be the link between Bats and humans. However it also says that none of the animals were found to be infected.

The reason they are paying attention to and investigating the markets is because they are trying to identify the specific animal species ( Mammal ) that was the intermediate source that spread the Virus to humans. Below is an example of how the Virus was transmitted to humans.

BAT - UNKNOWN ANIMAL - HUMANS

The Virus was not transmitted directly to humans from Bats. A Bat infected an animal that infected a human who spread the infection other humans, the animal that spread the Virus to humans has not been identified. In 2002 the Chain of Evemts was exactly the same when the original SARS Virus broke out in China, and the same problem occurred the intermediate animal was never identified. The same situation occurred in 2019 when SARS-Cov-2 first broke out in China, and again the intermediate animal has not been identified.

The reason finding this intermediate animal is so important is two fold, by finding the animal species that passed the Virus to humans in 2002, they will most likely also discover the animal species that started this Pandemic in 2019. The reason the scientific studies are focusing on the markets in China is to hopefully find and identify this Animal species before  a another new  Coronavirus Virus is spread from Bats to that animal species and another Coronavirus that is still unknown is spread to humans which could start another Pandemic. 

Oh and by the way, just to be clear I am an American living in South Korea. I bring this up because many people assume I am South Korean because of the My location in my profile.

Thanks for your interest in the subject, I appreciate and have enjoyed our conversation!

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

According to the OP article, Corona virus cases circle around these animal markets. There are a number of animals that catch it. Not only in 2019, but also in the 2002 outbreak we find the same thing happening. This guy in the other article was only 16 km from Wuhan. That is barely far away at all, a 10 min drive. He quite possibly visited the market along with everyone else. These markets are like a biological hazard with abused and endangered animals spreading diseases back and forth from animal to person. If these markets are allowed to go on, then how can plagues be prevented? That's why it's a sin to engage in this kind of activity.

Quote

Coronaviruses have long been known to present a high pandemic
risk. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) is the ninth documented coronavirus that infects humans
and the seventh identified in the last 20 years (Lednicky et al.,
2021; Vlasova et al., 2021). All previous human coronaviruses
have zoonotic origins, as have the vast majority of human viruses.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 bears several signatures of
these prior zoonotic events. It displays clear similarities to
SARS-CoV that spilled over into humans in Foshan, Guangdong
province, China in November 2002, and again in Guangzhou,
Guangdong province in 2003 (Xu et al., 2004). Both these
SARS-CoV emergence events were associated with markets
selling live animals and involved species, particularly civets and
raccoon dogs (Guan et al., 2003), that were also sold live in Wu-
han markets in 2019 (Xiao et al., 2021) and are known to be sus-
ceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection

 

Quote

During 2019, markets in Wuhan—including the Huanan mar-
ket—traded many thousands of live wild animals including
high-risk species such as civets and raccoon dogs (Xiao et al.,
2021). Following its closure, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in envi-
ronmental samples at the Huanan market, primarily in the west-
ern section that traded in wildlife and domestic animal products,
as well as in associated drainage areas (World Health Organiza-
tion, 2021). Although animal carcasses retrospectively tested
negative for SARS-CoV-2, these were unrepresentative of the
live animal species sold and specifically did not include raccoon
dogs and other animals known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2
(Xiao et al., 2021).
The earliest split in the SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny defines two
lineages—denoted A and B (Rambaut et al., 2020)—that likely
circulated contemporaneously (Figure 1A). Lineage B, which
became dominant globally, was observed in early cases linked
to the Huanan market and environmental samples taken there,
whereas lineage A contains a case with exposure to other mar-
kets (Figures 1A and 1B) as well as with later cases in Wuhan
and other parts of China (World Health Organization, 2021).
This phylogenetic pattern is consistent with the emergence of
SARS-CoV-2 involving one or more contacts with infected ani-
mals and/or traders, including multiple spill-over events, as
potentially infected or susceptible animals were moved into or
between Wuhan markets via shared supply chains and sold for
human consumption (Xiao et al., 2021). The potential emergence
of SARS-CoV-2 across multiple markets again mirrors SARS-
CoV in which high levels of infection, seroprevalence, and ge-
netic diversity in animals were documented at both the Dongmen
market in Shenzhen (Yaqing, 2004; Guan et al., 2003) and the Xi-
nyuan market in Guangzhou (Tu et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2005).

 

[Eldorado]

Covid was spreading "virulently" in Wuhan as early as summer 2019 – far sooner than previously thought, according to an intelligence analysis of spending on PCR testing equipment.

The study by Internet 2.0, a cyber security consultancy that specialises in examining data from China, says: "We have come to the conclusion that, based on the data analysed, it suggests the virus was highly likely to be spreading virulently in Wuhan, China, as early as the summer of 2019 and definitely by the autumn."

UK Telegraph at MSN

[Grim Reaper 6]

On 9/25/2021 at 7:13 PM, Green Lion said:

Like in Revelation Jesus says he is casting revenge on people for practicing fornication and eating food sacrificed to idolatry. God casts a plague on it.

Well, the religion is not going to be eating bats and other strange animals. Fornication is a terrible spread of the disease because it goes against social distancing. Partying and spreading the virus.

What about all the strange foods you have eaten like Cow and Pig intestines or other such foods?

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

1 hour ago, Manwon Lender said:

What about all the strange foods you have eaten like Cow and Pig intestines or other such foods?

What are you going on about?

[Grim Reaper 6]

Just now, Green Lion said:

What are you going on about?

I asked a simple question, you talk about all the strange foods people eat, to me eating intestines is a really strange food.

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

Just now, Manwon Lender said:

I asked a simple question, you talk about all the strange foods people eat, to me eating intestines is a really strange food.

It specified in the new testament not to eat blood. Pigs are not permissable foods in the Old Testament. Animals that have been strangled or died on their own are not to be eaten, which is mentioned in the New Testament. These religious observances are there to keep people safe from disease for one thing. Aren't Buddhists supposed to be vegan? The Wuhan market is a horribly corrupt place linked to poaching endangered species.

[Grim Reaper 6]

35 minutes ago, Green Lion said:

It specified in the new testament not to eat blood. Pigs are not permissable foods in the Old Testament. Animals that have been strangled or died on their own are not to be eaten, which is mentioned in the New Testament. These religious observances are there to keep people safe from disease for one thing. Aren't Buddhists supposed to be vegan? The Wuhan market is a horribly corrupt place linked to poaching endangered species.

Some branches Buddhism believe that all life is sacred they believe that even killing a Ant is murder, these extreme forms Buddhist certainly are the minority. There are many many different Buddhist practices and Korean Buddhism is called Tongbulgyo, which is consistent with the original doctrine and practices as taught by Buddha with no added interpretations.

Do you understand why pork wasn't and still isn't accepted as a source of food in that area of the Middle Easr?

In reality no matter how you feel about Asian wet markets wasn't where the Virus originated from in the first place.

Edited October 5, 2021 by Manwon Lender

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

16 minutes ago, Manwon Lender said:

Some branches Buddhism believe that all life is sacred they believe that even killing a Ant is murder, these extreme forms Buddhist certainly are the minority. There are many many different Buddhist practices and Korean Buddhism is called Tongbulgyo, which is consistent with the original doctrine and practices as taught by Buddha with no added interpretations.

Do you understand why pork wasn't and still isn't accepted as a source of food in that area of the Middle Easr?

In reality no matter how you feel about Asian wet markets wasn't where the Virus originated from in the first place.

Where did the virus originate from?

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

 

The markets are illegal and spreading disease, even more than Covid. This research was begun because of a Tick born illness outbreak with a 30 % mortality rate. It also states that much of this exotic trade is more expensive than their normal food. This means the poorer class has to suffer for the crimes of the richer.

 

Quote

Raccoon dog fur farming is legal in China; however, due to a drop in fur prices, raccoon dogs are now frequently sold off in live animal markets, augmented by wild-caught individuals. Similarly, all American mink (Neovison vison) originated from fur farms—noting that SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in mink farms in Europe and North America^16, 17. In contrast, the captive breeding and sale of Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), is totally illegal in China, yet they are easy to breed, and sold openly, without attracting law enforcement. Indeed, prior to COVID-19 reforms, although enforcement officers from the Wuhan Forestry Bureau issued permits to market vendors, they were broadly disinterested in what species were sold. Furthermore, although animals were required to have an origin certificate and be quarantined to ensure they did not exhibit overt disease symptoms, no clear policy was enforced on these conditions. This is important because the species that were traded are capable of hosting a wide range of infectious zoonotic diseases or disease-baring parasites (Supplementary Table S1), aside from COVID-19. These range from potentially lethal viruses, for example, rabies, SFTS, H5N1, to common bacterial infections that, nevertheless, represent a risk to human health (e.g., Streptococcus). Indeed, globally, wildlife is thought to be the source of at least 70% of all emerging diseases¹⁸.

 

Quote

Almost all animals were sold alive, caged, stacked and in poor condition (Fig. 2). Most stores offered butchering services, done on site, with considerable implications for food hygiene and animal welfare. Approximately 30% of individuals from 6 mammal species inspected (labelled W in Table 1) had suffered wounds from gunshots or traps, implying illegal wild harvesting (Table 1). Thirteen of these 17 stores clearly posted the necessary permits from Wuhan Forestry Bureau allowing them to sell legitimate wild animal species (e.g., Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis), Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and Amur hedgehog (Erinaceus amurensis)) for food; four shops had no such permit. Species names were given in Chinese only, with no clear taxonomic binomial designation. None of the 17 shops posted an origin certificate or quarantine certificate, so all wildlife trade was fundamentally illegal. Notably, vendors freely disclosed a variety of protected species on sale illegally in their shops, therefore they would not benefit from specifically concealing pangolin trade or the trade in any particular species, and so we are confident this list is complete (Table 1).

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91470-2#MOESM1

[Grim Reaper 6]

35 minutes ago, Green Lion said:

Where did the virus originate from?

Here is a research from one worlds top facilities in infectious disease and genetic research into those diseases. 

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China:  Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China - The Lancet  

 

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

 

Here is the table of the 38 species sold and their diseases in a downloadable PDF. There are multiple bird flus and bird Corona viruses.

Quote

Table S1. 
List of 38 species sold in Wuhan City markets from May 2017-Nov 2019, of which thirty-three have been reportedly infected with 
zoonotic pathogens in wild populations, markets and/or farms in China since 2009. Note: The masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) was 
the host involved in the 2003 SARS outbreak*.

https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-021-91470-2/MediaObjects/41598_2021_91470_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

[Golden Duck]

4 hours ago, Green Lion said:

It specified in the new testament not to eat blood. Pigs are not permissable foods in the Old Testament. Animals that have been strangled or died on their own are not to be eaten, which is mentioned in the New Testament. These religious observances are there to keep people safe from disease for one thing. Aren't Buddhists supposed to be vegan? The Wuhan market is a horribly corrupt place linked to poaching endangered species.

It is also said, in the New Testament, not to judge others by what they eat.

Have you tried rolling back the tradition of the Christmas Ham?  You know, Matthew 7:5 and all.

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

35 minutes ago, Golden Duck said:

It is also said, in the New Testament, not to judge others by what they eat.

Have you tried rolling back the tradition of the Christmas Ham?  You know, Matthew 7:5 and all.

My point is that in Revelation this type of behavior is condemned. What is the consequence? Plagues and war. All civilized religions condemn this kind of behavior. Buddhism should not condone what is happening in Wuhan. There is a difference between having a Christmas Ham and trading 50,000 live animals from 38 species, 31 of which are protected, and 33 which are known to carry diseases.

It is literally a crime in China punishable by a 15 or 3 year prison sentence. How can you ignore the elephant in the room (50,000 animals traded between 2017-2019, 38 species, 31 protected species, 33 infected by zoonitic pathogens since 2009)?

If you roll through the rest of my quotes in my posts today or read that report you will find that is the question. Either way these markets are a criminal enterprise that has before and will again manifest diseases.

The 2003 SARS outbreak is attributed to this area. It is purely hypothetical that the markets are not related to the current virus. The articles are not ruling out the markets as a factor, they are just revealing more information that COVID was happening before December 2019. The Chinese government is being suspected of hiding they knew about the pandemic since possibly as early as summer 2019.

This goes beyond a Christmas Ham, I'm afraid. It's a revelatory response to the sins of mankind. The sins that just so happen to be a crime in the country they are committed by up to 15 years in prison. As Manwon said, "God has nothing to with this, man has caused this all by himself, by our destruction of the Biodiversity of our plant. Now Mother Earth herself is fighting back, and its battle we can not win!"

Whether it is God or Mother Nature is up to speculation. These markets are a main reason of the encroachment on wildlife. The point is it happened. These markets cannot be allowed to operate.

 

Quote

In China, wild animals are state property protected by the Wild Animal Conservation Law (WACL 1988, revised in 2004, 2009, 2016 and 2018), in concert with the Criminal Law (Article 341)¹³. Any convicted trader of species, and/or products derived thereof, protected by China’s list of Fauna under Special State Protection (LFSSP) and/or any non-native species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix I, II could face up to 15 years fix-term imprisonment accompanied by fines and/or the confiscation of property. Additionally, if any animal protected by China’s List of Terrestrial Wild Animals of Significant Ecological, Scientific, or Social Value Protected by the State (LESS) is taken from a wild population and traded for the purpose of food, the offender could face up to 3 years fix-term imprisonment accompanied by criminal detention, surveillance and/or fines.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91470-2#MOESM1

Edited October 5, 2021 by Green Lion

[Golden Duck]

10 minutes ago, Green Lion said:

My point is that in Revelation this type of behavior is condemned. What is the consequence? Plagues and war. All civilized religions condemn this kind of behavior. Buddhism should not condone what is happening in Wuhan. There is a difference between having a Christmas Ham and trading 50,000 live animals from 38 species, 31 of which are protected, and 33 which are known to carry diseases.

It is literally a crime in China punishable by a 15 or 3 year prison sentence. How can you ignore the elephant in the room (50,000 animals traded between 2017-2019, 38 species, 31 protected species, 33 infected by zoonitic pathogens since 2009)?

If you roll through the rest of my quotes in my posts today or read that report you will find that is the question. Either way these markets are a criminal enterprise that has before and will again manifest diseases.

The 2003 SARS outbreak is attributed to this area. It is purely hypothetical that the markets are not related to the current virus. The articles are not ruling out the markets as a factor, they are just revealing more information that COVID was happening before December 2019. The Chinese government is being suspected of hiding they knew about the pandemic since possibly as early as summer 2019.

This goes beyond a Christmas Ham, I'm afraid. It's a revelatory response to the sins of mankind. The sins that just so happen to be a crime in the country they are committed by up to 15 years in prison. As Manwon said, "God has nothing to with this, man has caused this all by himself, by our destruction of the Biodiversity of our plant. Now Mother Earth herself is fighting back, and its battle we can not win!"

Whether it is God or Mother Nature is up to speculation. These markets are a main reason of the encroachment on wildlife. The point is it happened.

 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91470-2#MOESM1

You need to read further in your link about the permits, licences, and quarantine certificates.  Then read a little more to find how many bat or pangolin species were sold.

Whatever your point is, your source material provides counterpoints.

[The_Phantom_Stranger]

1 minute ago, Golden Duck said:

You need to read further in your link about the permits, licences, and quarantine certificates.  Then read a little more to find how many bat or pangolin species were sold.

Whatever your point is, your source material provides counterpoints.

You can't win this. It's the elephant in the room.

[Golden Duck]

Just now, Green Lion said:

You can't win this. It's the elephant in the room.

Cool, Ganesh is the remover of obstacles. 

From your link:

Quote

Results

Animal sales from Wuhan’s markets

Across all 17 shops, vendors reported total sales of 36,295 individuals, belonging to 38 terrestrial wild animal species, averaging 1170.81 individuals per month (Standard deviation (SD) = 445.01, n = 31; Table 1). Including species sold by weight inflated this total to 47,381 individuals. Notably, no pangolin or bat species were among these animals for sale.