William B Stoecker
You can get here from there
March 10, 2008 |
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The reason we call ufos by that name is that they are, indeed, unidentified. It serves no purpose to make grandiose claims about Pleiadean beam ships or Sirian mother ships; there is no hard proof that any of them are interstellar craft at all. But is it even possible to achieve manned interstellar flight? Debunkers point out the vast distances involved; even at light speed it would take over four years to reach the nearest extra solar star system, not counting time spent accelerating and decelerating, which, at a one gravity rate, would add over two more years. Of course, so called time dilation, which becomes noticeable at relativistic velocities, means that four of those years, for the crew, would seem like a lot less, depending on how close they approached light speed. So, for the crew, the journey might take only, say, two and a half years or less, while the folks at home would observe them taking over six. We are assured by physicists that faster than light speeds are impossible, and while science fiction writers talk about warp drive and wormholes, no one has any idea if such things are possible, or, if so, how they could be achieved.
Furthermore, the energy requirements to approach light speed are, at present, beyond our abilities to attain. Even hydrogen fusion, which the taxpayer funded geniuses have been unable to achieve after decades, would not come close. The so called interstellar ramjet, scooping up hydrogen with vast magnetic fields no one knows how to generate and fusing it in a reactor no one knows how to build would encounter enormous resistance in the very act of scooping up the hydrogen, which would mostly be, not the deuterium and tritium isotopes used in the current generation of non functioning reactors, but the ordinary, common variety of hydrogen, with a nucleus consisting of one proton. This produces power at an impossibly slow rate; a pound of hydrogen in the Sun's core, incredibly, produces energy at a slower rate than a pound of living human muscle tissue; only the Sun's enormous mass allows it to reach temperatures of many millions of degrees.
Still, there is hope. There is increasing evidence that so called "free" energy and gravity control may be possible and may have already been achieved by independent inventors with no government funding, which is where most of the real innovation comes from. This might allow a spaceship to approach light speed, were it not for another, little known problem.
Space is not quite empty; the vacuum between the stars is not quite a vacuum. The near vacuum of the interstellar medium is about one percent dust (water ice, silicates, etc.) and 99 percent gas, of which 90 percent is hydrogen and the remaining ten percent is almost entirely helium. Its density varies throughout the galaxy, being denser in the visible dust and gas clouds, but is estimated to average at least 100,000 particles per cubic meter. If a spaceship had a cylindrical shape and its front end was 100 square meters in area, within one meter forward of it there would be ten million particles. At first, anyone aware of how infinitesimally tiny these gas and dust particles are would figure that it would be no problem.
But the faster you go, the more of these particles you impact each second. And the energy of impact varies by the square of your velocity, so if you go ten times as fast you hit ten times as many particles, and each one releases 100 times the energy, generating altogether 1000 times the energy per second. At light speed this hypothetical craft would impact three quadrillion particles per second, or three times ten to the fifteenth power. Their mass would still be tiny, about thirty six hundred millionths of a gram. But, at light speed, they would release some 7,560,000 calories per second in the form of high energy gamma rays. In addition to the radiation hazard there would be significant thermal buildup, ablation of the front of the spaceship, and a loss of forward momentum. Some writers imagine that a gravity control drive would accelerate the particles ahead of the ship, but, if it took you hours, weeks, or months to approach light speed, your field will not accelerate gas and dust ahead of you to that speed in an infinitesimal fraction of a second. People speculate about force fields, but no one knows exactly what that means, and there is no evidence that it is even possible.
And this is without even considering the possibility of collisions with larger particles, or meteors. At near light speed a grain of sand would impact you with the power of a small nuclear bomb. Houston, we have a problem.
So, barring something like warp drive, does this mean interstellar flight is impossible? Guess again.
Long ago, science fiction writers invented the idea of a space ark, an enclosed artificial world that would generate gravity by slowly spinning like a centrifuge, and would have a propulsion system and artificial sunlight. In its closed eco system growing plants would provide oxygen and food, and generations of voyagers would live and die. For them, this would be home. So called free energy and gravity control would make this possible, or even hydrogen fusion for internal power and a photon sail for propulsion. At, for example, one percent of light speed, impacting the interstellar medium would generate each second only one millionth of the energy that would be produced at light speed, which would make it quite feasible. And the danger of meteors would be reduced as well; large ones could be detected far enough away for the craft to make tiny course corrections, and smaller ones could be destroyed by lasers or particle beam weapons. Acceleration and deceleration would have to be at an extremely low rate not to interfere with the spin induced gravitation, which would be outward along the long axis of the craft (if it was cylindrical). At a speed of one percent of light speed, our travellers could reach the Alpha Centauri system in a little over 430 years.
In the nineteen sixties Gerard O'Neil wrote a book about space colonies that could be built here in our own solar system. The first generation to live on them could easily phone home, or even fly back to Earth to visit the old folks. For later generations, the colonies, artificial worlds, would be their homes, so they would have little to tie them to Earth and might well vote to sail away forever. For them, it would not even seem like a journey. Paradoxically, these high tech people might dwell in a community no more populous that a small tribal village, and travel vast distances without leaving home. For readers unfamiliar with the concept, this is all hard to visualize, but let's give it a try.
Imagine being in such a craft. At the aft end, facing forward, your feet would be facing outward and your head toward the center of the immense cylinder, many kilometers in diameter and a great many more in length. You would seem to be at the bottom of a long, u shaped valley, impossibly steep at a distance from you, but the people far to your left or right would see themselves at the bottom, and, through binoculars, would see you standing like a human fly at right angles to them. (I didn't say this would be easy).The central core might be taken up by a smaller cylinder, perhaps used for storage and automated industries, and around it would be long rows of full spectrum lights. The city might, depending on the wishes of the founders, be a large multi-storied arcology at, say, the aft end. Then there could be a great urban park, with gardens, jogging paths, etc. Then there could be farmland, enormously productive in a world with perfect weather (again, depending on the wishes of the founders) and no crop pests or diseases.
Someone coming here from the far side of the galaxy, some 80 thousand light years away, would take, at one percent of light speed, eight million years to get here. As there may well be civilizations out there much older than that, there may have been time for such a race to have colonized much of the galaxy, living in space colonies and drifting between the stars on journeys with no beginning or end. There could even be such a colony somewhere here in our own solar system.
Author and researcher Michael Cremo has pointed out that our own species may be millions of years older than our elites would have us believe, and very advanced indigenous human civilizations may have preceded our own. If so, it is even possible that they colonized other star systems, and people not unlike us are spread throughout the galaxy.
William B Stoecker
The Atlantis Conspiracy
www.hiddenmysteries.com[!gad]The reason we call ufos by that name is that they are, indeed, unidentified. It serves no purpose to make grandiose claims about Pleiadean beam ships or Sirian mother ships; there is no hard proof that any of them are interstellar craft at all. But is it even possible to achieve manned interstellar flight? Debunkers point out the vast distances involved; even at light speed it would take over four years to reach the nearest extra solar star system, not counting time spent accelerating and decelerating, which, at a one gravity rate, would add over two more years. Of course, so called time dilation, which becomes noticeable at relativistic velocities, means that four of those years, for the crew, would seem like a lot less, depending on how close they approached light speed. So, for the crew, the journey might take only, say, two and a half years or less, while the folks at home would observe them taking over six. We are assured by physicists that faster than light speeds are impossible, and while science fiction writers talk about warp drive and wormholes, no one has any idea if such things are possible, or, if so, how they could be achieved.
Furthermore, the energy requirements to approach light speed are, at present, beyond our abilities to attain. Even hydrogen fusion, which the taxpayer funded geniuses have been unable to achieve after decades, would not come close. The so called interstellar ramjet, scooping up hydrogen with vast magnetic fields no one knows how to generate and fusing it in a reactor no one knows how to build would encounter enormous resistance in the very act of scooping up the hydrogen, which would mostly be, not the deuterium and tritium isotopes used in the current generation of non functioning reactors, but the ordinary, common variety of hydrogen, with a nucleus consisting of one proton. This produces power at an impossibly slow rate; a pound of hydrogen in the Sun's core, incredibly, produces energy at a slower rate than a pound of living human muscle tissue; only the Sun's enormous mass allows it to reach temperatures of many millions of degrees.
Still, there is hope. There is increasing evidence that so called "free" energy and gravity control may be possible and may have already been achieved by independent inventors with no government funding, which is where most of the real innovation comes from. This might allow a spaceship to approach light speed, were it not for another, little known problem.
Space is not quite empty; the vacuum between the stars is not quite a vacuum. The near vacuum of the interstellar medium is about one percent dust (water ice, silicates, etc.) and 99 percent gas, of which 90 percent is hydrogen and the remaining ten percent is almost entirely helium. Its density varies throughout the galaxy, being denser in the visible dust and gas clouds, but is estimated to average at least 100,000 particles per cubic meter. If a spaceship had a cylindrical shape and its front end was 100 square meters in area, within one meter forward of it there would be ten million particles. At first, anyone aware of how infinitesimally tiny these gas and dust particles are would figure that it would be no problem.
But the faster you go, the more of these particles you impact each second. And the energy of impact varies by the square of your velocity, so if you go ten times as fast you hit ten times as many particles, and each one releases 100 times the energy, generating altogether 1000 times the energy per second. At light speed this hypothetical craft would impact three quadrillion particles per second, or three times ten to the fifteenth power. Their mass would still be tiny, about thirty six hundred millionths of a gram. But, at light speed, they would release some 7,560,000 calories per second in the form of high energy gamma rays. In addition to the radiation hazard there would be significant thermal buildup, ablation of the front of the spaceship, and a loss of forward momentum. Some writers imagine that a gravity control drive would accelerate the particles ahead of the ship, but, if it took you hours, weeks, or months to approach light speed, your field will not accelerate gas and dust ahead of you to that speed in an infinitesimal fraction of a second. People speculate about force fields, but no one knows exactly what that means, and there is no evidence that it is even possible.
And this is without even considering the possibility of collisions with larger particles, or meteors. At near light speed a grain of sand would impact you with the power of a small nuclear bomb. Houston, we have a problem.
So, barring something like warp drive, does this mean interstellar flight is impossible? Guess again.
Long ago, science fiction writers invented the idea of a space ark, an enclosed artificial world that would generate gravity by slowly spinning like a centrifuge, and would have a propulsion system and artificial sunlight. In its closed eco system growing plants would provide oxygen and food, and generations of voyagers would live and die. For them, this would be home. So called free energy and gravity control would make this possible, or even hydrogen fusion for internal power and a photon sail for propulsion. At, for example, one percent of light speed, impacting the interstellar medium would generate each second only one millionth of the energy that would be produced at light speed, which would make it quite feasible. And the danger of meteors would be reduced as well; large ones could be detected far enough away for the craft to make tiny course corrections, and smaller ones could be destroyed by lasers or particle beam weapons. Acceleration and deceleration would have to be at an extremely low rate not to interfere with the spin induced gravitation, which would be outward along the long axis of the craft (if it was cylindrical). At a speed of one percent of light speed, our travellers could reach the Alpha Centauri system in a little over 430 years.
In the nineteen sixties Gerard O'Neil wrote a book about space colonies that could be built here in our own solar system. The first generation to live on them could easily phone home, or even fly back to Earth to visit the old folks. For later generations, the colonies, artificial worlds, would be their homes, so they would have little to tie them to Earth and might well vote to sail away forever. For them, it would not even seem like a journey. Paradoxically, these high tech people might dwell in a community no more populous that a small tribal village, and travel vast distances without leaving home. For readers unfamiliar with the concept, this is all hard to visualize, but let's give it a try.
Imagine being in such a craft. At the aft end, facing forward, your feet would be facing outward and your head toward the center of the immense cylinder, many kilometers in diameter and a great many more in length. You would seem to be at the bottom of a long, u shaped valley, impossibly steep at a distance from you, but the people far to your left or right would see themselves at the bottom, and, through binoculars, would see you standing like a human fly at right angles to them. (I didn't say this would be easy).The central core might be taken up by a smaller cylinder, perhaps used for storage and automated industries, and around it would be long rows of full spectrum lights. The city might, depending on the wishes of the founders, be a large multi-storied arcology at, say, the aft end. Then there could be a great urban park, with gardens, jogging paths, etc. Then there could be farmland, enormously productive in a world with perfect weather (again, depending on the wishes of the founders) and no crop pests or diseases.
Someone coming here from the far side of the galaxy, some 80 thousand light years away, would take, at one percent of light speed, eight million years to get here. As there may well be civilizations out there much older than that, there may have been time for such a race to have colonized much of the galaxy, living in space colonies and drifting between the stars on journeys with no beginning or end. There could even be such a colony somewhere here in our own solar system.
Author and researcher Michael Cremo has pointed out that our own species may be millions of years older than our elites would have us believe, and very advanced indigenous human civilizations may have preceded our own. If so, it is even possible that they colonized other star systems, and people not unlike us are spread throughout the galaxy.
William B Stoecker
The Atlantis Conspiracy
www.hiddenmysteries.com
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